کنترل بیولوژیک Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris عامل زردی و پژمردگی فوزاریومی نخود توسط ترکیب برخی عوامل میکروبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

زردی و پژمردگی فوزاریومی ناشی از Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris یکی از مهم‌ترین بیماری‌های نخود است. در این پژوهش اثر کاربرد جداگانه و ترکیبی قارچ Trichoderma harzianum T33، باکتری Pseudomonas putida RUP1 و میکوریز Rhizophagus intraradices بر مهار این بیمارگر و تأثیر آن‌ها بر فاکتورهای رشدی نخود در حضور بیمارگر در گلخانه و در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار انجام شد. به‌استثنای تیمار ترکیبی سه‌گانه (متشکل از سه عامل بیوکنترل)، همه تیمارها در مقایسه با شاهد بیمار سبب کاهش معنی‌دار علائم زردی قسمت‌های هوایی و نکروز آوندی ناشی از بیمارگر و نیز افزایش حجم و وزن خشک ریشه و اندام هوایی شدند. همچنین به‌جز تیمار سه‌گانه و تیمار ترکیبی R. intraradices و T. harzianum T33 سایرین وزن تر ریشه و اندام هوایی را نیز افزایش دادند. میکوریز R. intraradices توانست ریشه‌های نخود را در حضور بیمارگر به میزان ۶۰ درصد و در غیاب بیمارگر به میزان 74 درصد کلونیزه نماید. ترکیب دوگانه سویه‌های بیوکنترلی با وجود سازگار بودن، اثر هم‌افزایی در بهبود کارایی بیوکنترل و تحریک رشد گیاه نداشت و ترکیب سه‌گانه این عوامل، فاقد قابلیت بیوکنترلی و یا افزایش فاکتورهای رشدی نخود بود. این پژوهش نشان داد ترکیب عوامل بیوکنترل همیشه هم‌افزا یا کارآمد نیست.

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