76043abf2ebed2c

بررسی جذابیت گیاهان گلدار برای حشرات شکارگر سیرفید (Dip., Syrphidae) در برخی کشت‌بوم‌های زراعی و باغی استان کرمانشاه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمانشاه، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمانشاه،

2 محقق مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی کرمانشاه

3 بخش گیاه پزشکی مرکز تحقیقات کرمانشاه

4 بخش تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی مرکز تحقیقات کرمانشاه

چکیده

مگس‌های خانواده‌ی Syrphidae نقش مهمی در کنترل بیولوژیک شته‌ها دارند. مگس‌های بالغ برای تامین نیازهای حیاتی خود وابسته‌ به شهد و گرده‌ی گل‌های گیاهان میزبان هستند. این منابع در گونه‌های شکارگر Eupoedes corollae، Episyrphus balteatus، Sphaerophoria scripta و Scaeva albomaculata طی سال‌های 95-1394 در کشت‌بوم‌های گندم، کلزا، سیب و درختان میوه هسته‌دار کرمانشاه ارزیابی شد. دفعات دیدار روی گیاهان ملاقات شونده در 10 تکرار در مدت 5 دقیقه مشاهده، در هر نمونه برداری ثبت شد. آزمایشات با توجه به درصد تاج‌پوشش از اوایل بهار تا زمان خشک شدن گیاهان در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی نامتعادل انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد در گونه‌ی حشره‌ی E. corollae گونه‌های گیاهی Geranium tuberosum، Capsella bursa–pastoris، Lamium amplexicaule، Senecio vernalis و Alyssum hirsutum به‌ترتیب بیش‌ترین میزان جلب‌‌کننده‌گی را دارا بودند. در حشره‌ی E. balteatus نیز گیاهانC. bursa–pastoris ، Sinapis arvensis، Erodium cicutarium ، G. tuberosum و Descurainia sophia به‌ترتیب بالاترین ملاقات را داشتند. برای گونه‌ی سیرفید Sph. Scripta نیز گونه‌های گیاهی C. bursa–pastoris، Brassica napus، S. arvensis،Rapistrum rugosum و G. tuberosum به‌ترتیب جذاب‌تر بودند. همچنین برای مگس S. albomaculata گونه‌های Cardaria draba،Raphanus raphanistrum ،Brassica napus ، C. bursa–pastoris و G. tuberosum به‌ترتیب بیشترین گیاهان مورد بازدید بودند. به طور کلی شمعدانی وحشی، G. tuberosum و کیسه کشیش، C. bursa –pastoris برای همه گونه‌های سیرفید در کشت‌بوم‌های مورد ارزیابی جذابیت بالاتری دارا بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


Barbir J, BadenesPérez FR, FernándezQuintanilla C, Dorado J, (2015). The attractiveness of flowering herbaceous plants to bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) and hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in agro‐ecosystems of Central Spain. Agri. and Forest Ento, 17(1): 20-28.
Bostanian NJ, Goulet H, Ohara J, MasnerL, Racette G, (2004).To wards insecticide free apple orchards. flowering plants to attract beneficial arthropods. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 14(1) :25-37.
Bugg RL, Colfer RG, Chaney WE, Smith HA, Cannon J, (2008). Flower flies (Syrphidae) and biological control agents for aphids in vegetable crops. Available on: http://www. Anrcatalog. Ucdavis. Edu. aphid densities, with comments on classical biological control of soybean aphid in the Midwest. Journal of Economic Entomology.101: 278–287.
Burgio G, Ferrari R, Boriani L, (1997).IL ruolo delle siepi nell’ecologia Del campo coltivato: analisi di comunità dei Ditteri Sirfidi in aziende Della Provincia di Bologna. Bollettino Dell’Istituto di Entomologia" Guido Grandi" dell’Università degli Studi di Bologna, 51: 69-77.
Colley MR, Luna JM, (2000). The relative attractiveness of potential beneficial insectary plants to aphi­dophagous hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae). Environmental Entomology. 29: 1054-1059.
Donnelly BE, Phillips TW, (2001). Functional response of Xylocoris flavipes (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) effects of prey species and habitat. Environ. Entomol, 30: 617-627.
Eckberg JO, Peterson JA, Borsh CP, KaserJM, Johnson GA, Luhman JC, Heimpel GE, (2015). Field Abundance and Performance of Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) on Soybean Aphid. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 108(1), 26-34.
El-Kareim A, Rashed A A, Marouf A E, Fouda SR, (2019). Attractiveness and Effects of some Flowering Plants on the Longevity and Foraging Behavior of Certain Predatory Insects. Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology, 10(11), 537-541.
Freier B, Triltsch H, Mowes M, Moll E, (2007). The potential of predators in natural control of aphids in wheat: results of a ten-year field study in two German landscapes. Bio-Control 52: 775–788.
Gilasian E, (2002). The List of Diptera: Syrphidae, in the Hayk Mirzayans insect Museum of Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute. 12: 27 pp.
Gilasian E, (2004).The first report of 6 genus and 21 species of syrphid flies from Iran. News letter of Entomological Society of Iran, 23: 1.
Gilasian E, (2004).The first report of 6 genus and 21 species of syrphid flies from Iran. News letter of Entomological Society of Iran, 23: 1.
Gilasian E, (2005). New Record of one genus and six species of Syrphidae (Diptera) from Iran. Journal of Entomological society of Iran. 25(1): 76 pp.
Gilasian E, (2007). Review of Tribe Syrphini (Dip.: Syrphidae) of Iran. Journal of Entomological society of Iran. 27(1): 85-112.
Gilasian E, (2007).Review of Tribe Syrphini (Dip.: Syrphidae) of Iran. Journal of Entomological society of Iran. 27(1): 85-112.
Gilasian E, Sorokina VS, (2011).The genus Paragus Latreille (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Iran, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa, 2764: 49–60.
Gilbert FS, (1993). Hoverflies. Naturalist, s kHandboo. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, UK.
Gilbert, FS, (1981). Foraging ecology of hoverflies: morphology of the mouthparts in relation to feeding on nectar and pollen in some common urban species.Ecological Entomology, 6(3): 245-262.
Golding YC, (2000). Behavioural mimicry of honeybees (Apis mellifera) by droneflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol Sci. 2: 276.
Haenke S, Scheid B, Schaefer M, Tscharntke T, Thies C, (2009). Increasing syrphid fly diversity and density in sown flower strips within simple vs. complex landscapes. Journal of Applied Ecology 46, 1106–1114.
Haslett JR (1989b) Interpreting patterns of resource utilization—randomness and selectivity in pollen feeding by adult hoverflies. Oecologia 78:433–442.
Hickman JM, Lovei GL, (1995). Pollen feeding by adults of hoverfly Melanostoma fasciatum )Diptera: Syrphidae(. New Zeland Journal of Zoology, 4: 387-392.  
Hickman JM, Wratten SD, (1996). Use of Phacelia tanacetifolia strip to enhance biological control of aphid by hoverfly larve in cereal field. Journal of Economic Entomology, 4:832-840.
Hopper JV, Nelson EH, Daane KM, Mills NJ (2011). Growth, development and consumption by four syrphid species associated with the lettuce aphid, Nasonovia ribisnigri, in California. Biological Control, 58(3): 271-276.
Jalilian F (2015). Biology and larval feeding rate of Episyrphus balteatus (Dip.: Syrphidae) on Aphis pomi (Hom.: Aphididae) at laboratory conditions. Biological Forum 7(1): 1395-1399.
Jalilian F, Fathipour Y, Talebi AA Sedaratian A, (2010). Faunal and population studies of Syrphid flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Ilam. Environmental Sciences, 7: 73- 86.
Jalilian F, Fathipour Y, Talebi AA, Sedaratian, A. (2011). Functional response and mutual interference of Episyrphus balteatus and Scaeva albomaculata (Dip.: Syrphidae) fed on Mysuz persicae (Hom.: Aphididae). Applied Entomology and Phytopathology, 78, 257-273.
Jalilian F, Karimpour Y, Aramideh Sh, Gilasian E, (2016). Predacious syrphid flies of Brevicoryne brassicae in rapeseed fields of Kermanshahprovince and study on biology and feeding behavior of Eupeodes corollae. Biocontrol in Plant Protection. 3 (2): 11-24.
Jalilian F, Karimpour Y, Malkeshi SH, Gilasian E, Kavianpour MR, Mahjoob SM, Bagheri Matin Sh, (2014). Evaluation of population fluctuation of predacious species of syrphid flies (Dip.: Syrphidae) on Cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae in rapeseed fields. Agricultural Pest Management. 1(1): 46-54.
Jalilian F, Malkeshi SH, Tohidi MT, Bagheri Matin Sh, Gilasian E, (2019). Study on population fluctuations, feeding potential anddevelopmental periodsof dominant Syrphid species (Dip., Syrphidae)andpredators of aphids in apple orchards. In: the 9th National Conference on Biological Control congress, 10-11, July., 2019, University of Bu-Ali Sina, Hamedan, Iran. 37.
Jalilian F, Ranjy H, Malkeshi SH, Moeeny Naghadeh N, Mahjoob SM, Tohidi, M.T 2012. study on population fluctuations of dominant predacious syrphid flies in wheat fields. 20th. Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 25-28, August, 2012, Shiraz, Iran. 630 p..
Jennings SB, Brown ND, Sheil D. (1999). Assessing forest canopies and understorey illumination: canopy closure, canopy cover and other measures. Forestry, 72(1): 59-74.
Jervis MA, Kidd NAC, (1996). Insect Natural Enemies, Practical Approaches to Their Study and Evaluation. Chapman and Hall, London.
Kazerani F, Talebi A, Gilasian E, (2012c). An annotated checklist of the subfamily Syrphinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) of Iran. Entomofauna,Band 34, Heft 34: 517-556.
Kazerani F, Talebi AA, Gilasian E, (2012a).New record of Spilomia triangulata Van Steenes, 2000 (Diptera: Syrphidae) from Iran, Acta Entomologica Serbica, 17 (1/2): 39-44.
Kazerani F, Talebi AA, Gilasian E, (2014). Genus Epistrophe Walker, 1852 (Insects: Diptera: Syrphidae) in Northern Iran, with a new species record. Checklist.10 (1).
Kazerani F, Talebi AA, Gilasian E, (2014). Genus Epistrophe Walker, 1852 (Insects: Diptera: Syrphidae) in Northern Iran, with a new species record. Checklist.10 (1).
Koocheki A, Shabahang J, Khorramdel A, Ghafouri A, (2012). Row intercropping of borage with bean on pos-sible evaluating of the best stripwidth and assessing of its ecological characteristic. Agroecology, 2(1): 1-11.
Lanzoni A, Masetti A, Plankesteiner D, Burgio G, (2003). Role of field margin habitats and annual flowering plant mixture on parasitization of economic Agromyzid pests. IOBC wprs Bulletin, 26(4): 95-100.
Laubertie E, (2007). The role of resource subsidies in enhancing biological control of aphids by hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae). Ph.D. dissertation, Lincoln University.
Macleod A, (1999). Attraction and retention of Episyrphus balteatus De Geer at unarable field margin with rich and poor floral resources, Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment, 73: 237-244.
Maldonado ML,(2003). Diurnal activity of Hoverflies (Diptera:Syrphidae) and beneficial insectary plants. 2nd International Symposium on the Syrphidae . Alicante, Spain 16-19 th June..
Morris MC, (2000). Intercropping with coriander attracts hoverflies and reduces pest infestation in Japanese cabbage fields. Proceedings of the 13th IFOAM conference, Basel.p. 118.
Paray MA, Parey SH, Munazah Y, Rizwana K, Bhat BH, Saurav G, Rather Z A, (2014). The pollinators of apple orchards of Kashmir valley (India) (distributional diversity).Ecol. Env. &and Cons. 20:471-477.
Peck LV, (1985). New data on the nomenclature and synonymy of palaearctic hoverflies. )Diptera: Syrphidae(. International Journal of Dipterological Research, 6: 129-133..
Peck LV, (1988). Family Syrphidae. In: Soos, A. &and Papp, L (edit.): Catalogue of Plaearctic Diptera, Vol. 8:11-230. Budapest.
Pfiffner L, Wyss E, )2004(. Use of sown wildflower strips to enhance natural enemies of agricultural pests. In Ecological Engineering for Pest Management. Advances in Habitat Manipulation for Arthropods; Gurr, G.M., Wratten, S.D., Altieri, M.A., Eds.; CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood, Australia, pp. 165–186.
Rechinger KH, (1963-2007). Flora Iranica.Akademische Durck-u.Verlagsanstalt Graz-Austria. V: 1-170.
Rodríguez-Gasol N, Avilla J, Alegre S, Alins G, (2019). Sphaerophoria rueppelli adults change their foraging behavior after mating but maintain the same preferences to flower traits. BioControl, 64(2), 149-158.
Rossi J, Gamba U, Pinna M, Spagnolo S, Visentin C, Alberto A, (2006). Hoverflies in organic apple orchards in north-western Italy. Bulletin of Insectology, 59(2): 111-114.
Sadeghi H, Gilbert F, (2000).Oviposition preferences of aphidophagous hoverflies. Ecological Entomology, 25: 91-100.
Salimi H, Sajedi S, (2004).Identification of dominant weeds in canola fields and determination of their densities in Tehran province. Applied entomology and phtopathology. 72(2): 73-84.
Schuber JM, Monteiro LB, Almeida LM, Zawadneak MAC, (2012). Natural enemies associated to aphids in peach orchards in Araucária, Paraná, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 72(4), 847-852.
Smith HA, Chaney WE, Bensen TA, (2008). Role of syrphid larvae and other predators in suppressing aphid infestations in organic lettuce on California’s Central Coast.Journal of Economic Entomology, 101: 1526–1532.
Sommaggio D, Burgio G, (2014). The use of Syrphidae as functional bioindicator to compare vineyards with different managements.Bulletin of Insectology, 67(1): 147-156.
Speight MCD, Sarthou JP, (2011). StN keys for the identification of adult European Syrphidae (Diptera), Glasgow 2011/Clés StN pour la détermination des adultes des Syrphidae Européens (Diptères), Glasgow. Syrph the Net, the database of European Syrphidae, 66. 
Statistical Analysis System, Institute Inc. (2003). SAS Ver. 9.1 3.
Steyskal G C, (1983). Key to insects of European part of the USSR. Publication by Institute of Zoology Academy of USSR, 103: 10–149.
Team AC, (2002). Adobe Photoshop 7.0 classroom in a book. Adobe Press.
Thompson FC, (2012).Biosystematic Database of World Diptera.Version 7.5.Accessible at http://www.diptera.org/biosys.htm.Captured on 10 August 2012.
Trzciński P, Piekarska-Boniecka H, (2013). Dynamics of predatory syrphidae in the apple orchard and neighbouring shrubberies. Journal of Plant Protection Research, 53(2), 119-123.
Van der Maarel E, Franklin J, (2013). Vegetation Ecology. 2nd end. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford.
Veisi M, Minbashi M, Sabeti P, (2012). Weed community structure, species diversity and weed mapping in irrigated wheat fields of Kermanshah Province. Iranian J. of Weed Res. 4: 77-96. (In Persian with English summary).
Walkenbach J, Groh MR, Tyson H, Wempen F, (2010). Office 2010 Library: Excel 2010 Bible, Access 2010 Bible, PowerPoint 2010 Bible, Word 2010 Bible. John Wiley & Sons.
White AJ, Wrattan SD, Berry NA. Weigmann U, (1995). Habitat manipulation to enhance biological control of Brassica pests by hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae(. Jouarnal of Economic Entomoloy, 5: l171-1176.
Wyss E, (1995). The effects of weeds stripes on aphids and aphidophagous predators in an apple orchard. Entomologia Experimentalis at Applicata. 75: 43-49.