کارایی باکتریهای اندوفیت خیار در کنترل نماتد Meloidogyne javanica در شرایط آزمایشگاه و گلخانه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشنا‏سی‏ ارشد، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 استاد، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 دانشیار گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

در‍حال‍حاضر، نماتد ریشه‍گرهیMeloidogyne javanica به‍عنوان یک معضل مهم در گلخانه‍های خیار کشور مطرح است. در بررسی‍حاضر جهت کنترل بیولوژیک نماتد ریشه‍گرهی از باکتری‍های اندوفیت استفاده گردید. تعداد 70 جدایه باکتری از ریشه خیار مزارع و گلخانه‍های استان خراسان رضوی جداسازی شدند. براساس نتایج آزمایشات سنجش‍زیستی، هفت جدایه که بیشترین درصد مرگ‍و‍میر لارو سن‍دوم و عدم‍تفریخ تخم نماتد  javanica .M را نشان دادند، به‍عنوان جدایه منتخب، از نظر توانایی‍کاهش شاخص‍های بیماریزایی در گیاه خیار مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. جدایه‌هایFm1، Em1 و Y15 به‍طور قابل‍توجهی در کاهش تعداد تخم، گال و لارو سن‍دوم در ریشه‍های خیار آلوده، مثبت ارزیابی شدند. پایین‍ترین شاخص گال، در‍ کاربرد این سه جدایه در مقایسه با شاهد آلوده‍ به ‍نماتد، مشخص‍گردید. برپایه توالی‍‍یابی ناحیه ‍rDNA 16S، دو جدایه منتخب Fm1 و Em1 در آزمون‍های گلخانه‍ای، متعلق به گونه Pseudomonas rhodesiae و جدایه Y15 متعلق به گونه Acinetobacter sp. می‍باشند. بر‍اساس نتایج بررسی‍حاضر، به‍نظر می‍رسد که جدایه‌های Em1 و Fm1 و Y15 گزینه‍های مناسبی جهت تحقیقات بیشتر در زمینه کنترل نماتد ریشه‍گرهی در شرایط طبیعی باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


Abdolghafar NY, Abolsayed WM (1997) Biological control of soft rot of potato fluorescent pseudomonads. Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Science, 5: 419-431
Anonymous (2011) Economic affair and programming adjunct. Khorasan Razavi Agricultural Jahad Organization. (in Persian)
Anonymous (2013) Statistical yearbook of the food and agriculture organization of the United Nations. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
Aravind R, Eapen SJ, Kumar AA, Ramana KV (2009) Isolation and evaluation of endophytic bacteria against plant parasitic nematodes infesting black pepper (Piper nigrum L.). Indian Journal of Nematology 39: 211-217.
Compant S, Reiter B, Sessitsch A, Nowak J, Clement C, Ait Barka E (2005) Endophytic colonization of Vitis vinifera L. by plant growth-promoting bacterium Burkholderia sp. strain PsJN. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71: 1685-1693.
Damadzadeh M (2007) Nematology in Agriculture. Andishe Gostar Publisher, Esfehan. 199pp. (in Persian)
Ganesan P, Gnanamanickam SS (1987) Biological control of Sclerotium rolfsii sacc. in peanut by inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens, Soil Biology and Biochemistry 19(1): 35-38.
Garbeva P, van Overbeek LS, van Vuurde JWL, van Elsas JD (2001) Analysis of endophytic bacterial communities of potato by plating and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rDNA based PCR fragments. Microbial Ecology 41: 369-383.
Hallmann J, Quadt-Hallmann A, Mahaffee WF, Kloepper JW (1997) Bacterial endophytes in agricultural crops. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 43: 895-914.
Hallmann J, Quadt-Hallmann, Miller WG, Sikora RA, Lindow SE (2001) Endophytic colonization of plants by the biocontrol agent Rhizobium etli G12 in relation to Meloidogyne incognita infection. Phytopathology 91: 415-422.
Hass D, Defago W (2005) Biological control of soil-borne-pathogens by fluorescent pseudomonads. Nature Reviews Microbiology 3: 307-319.
Hussey RS, Barker KR (1973) A comparison of methods of collecting inocula of Meloidogyne spp. including a new technique. Plant Disease Reporter57: 1025-1028.
Jepson SB (1987) Identification of root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne) species. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 265pp.
Keel C, Defago G (1997) Interactions between beneficial soil bacteria and root pathogens: mechanisms and ecological impact. In: Gange AC, Brown VK, (eds.). Multitrophic interactions in terrestrial system. Oxford: Blackwell Science.
Khosravi M, Khosravi K (2015) Complete and illustrated guide of greenhouse cucumber growing. Amozesh and Tarvij Publisher, 193pp. (in Persian)
Munif A, Hallmann J, Sikora RA (2001) Induced systemic resistance of selected endophytic bacteria against Meloidogyne incognita on tomato. Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences 66: 663-669.
Nagarajkumar M, Bhashkaran R, Velazhahan R (2004) Involvement of secondary metabolites and extracellular lytic enzymes produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens in inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani, the rice, sheath blight pathogen. Journal of Microbiology 159:73-81.
Oliveira ASD, Campos VP, Silva JRC, Oliveira MS, Souza RMD (2009) Effect of endophytic bacteria on Meloidogyne javanica and inoculation methods in tomato. Nematologia Brasileira 33: 45-53.
Owen A, Zlor R (2001) Effect of cyanogenic rhizobacteria on the growth of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) and Corn (Zea mays) in autoclaved soil and the influence of supplemented glycine. Journal of Soil Biochemistry 33: 801-809.
Padgham JL, Sikora RA (2007)Biological control potential and modes of action of Bacillus megaterium against Meloidogyne graminicola on rice. Journal of Crop Protection 26: 971-977.
Pinho RSC, Campos VP, Souza RMD, Silva JRC, Oliveira MS, Pimentel GCS, Costa LSAS (2009) Effect of endophytic bacteria on the control of Meloidogyne incognita and their capacity of root colonization of tomato. Nematologia Brasileira 33: 54-60.
Pormehr S, Shirzad A, Khakvar R, Moslehi Sh, Hamidzadeh A (2014) Study the efficacy of some endophytic bacteria strains on Meloidogyne incognita egg hatch. In: 21th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Orumia, Iran. (in Persian)
Pradeepa V, Jennifer M (2013) Screening and characterization of endophytic bacteria isolated from Tabernaemontana divaricata plant for cytokinin production. Advanced Biotechnology13: 12-17.
Quesenberry KH, Baltensperger DD, Dunn RA, Wilcox CJ, Hardy SR (1989) Selection for tolerance to root-knot nematodes in red clover. Crop Science 29: 62-65.
Raaijmakers JM, Weller DM (2001) Exploiting genotypic diversity of 2, 4-diacetyl phloroglucinol producing Pseudomonas spp. characterization of superior root-colonizing P. fluorescens strain Q8r1-96. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67: 2545-2554.
Rashid Sh, Charles TC, Glick BR (2012) Isolation and characterization of new plant growth-promoting bacterial endophytes. Applied Soil Ecology 61: 217-224.
 
Romero FM,  Marina M, Pieckenstain FL (2015) Novel components of leaf bacterial communities of field-grown tomato plants and their potential for plant growth promotion and bio control of tomato diseases. Research in Microbiology 43: 1-12.
Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T (1989) Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual. 2nd ed. Gold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
Sardi R, Saracchi M, Quaroni S, Petrolini B, Borgonovi GE, Merli S (1992) Isolation of endophytic Streptomyces strains from surface disinfested roots. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 58: 2691- 2693.
Sharon E, Bar-Eyal M, Chet I, Herrera-Esterella A, Keleifeld O, Spiegel Y (2001) Biological control of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica by Trichoderma harzianum. Plant parasitic in subtropical and tropical agriculture. CAB International, 91: 687-693.
Siddiqui IA, Shaukat SS (2003) Impact of biocontrol Pseudomanas fluorescens CHAO and its genetically modified (GM) derivatives on penetration of Meloidogyne javanica in mungbean roots. Nematology Mediterranean 31: 43-45.
Siddiqui IA, Shaukat SS, Sheikh IH, Khan A (2006) Role of cyanide production by Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 in the suppression of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica in tomato. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 22: 641-650.
Sikora RA (1992) Management of the antagonistic potential in agricultural ecosystem for the biological control of plant parasitic nematodes. Annual Review of Phytopathology30: 245-270.
Sturz AV, Kimpinski J (2004) Endoroot bacteria derived from marigolds (Tagetes spp.) can decrease soil population densities of root-lesion nematodes in the potato root zone. Plant Soil 262: 241-249.
Sullivan ODJ, Gara OF (1992) Traits of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. involved in suppression of plant root pathogen. Journal of Microbiology 56: 662-676.
Taba S, Sawada J, Moromizato ZI (2007) Nematicidal activity of Okinawa island plants on the root-knot nematode (Kofoid and White) Chitwood. Plant Soil 303: 207-216.
Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, Kumar S (2007) MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution 24: 1596-1599.
Thompson JD, Higgins DG, Gibson TJ (1994) CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Research 22: 4673-4680.
Vetrivelkalai P, Sivakumar M, Jonathan EI (2010) Bio-control potential of entophytic bacteria on Meloidogyne incognita and its effect on plant growth in bhendi. Journal of Biopesticides 3: 452-457.
Vyas P, Rahi P, Gulati A (2009) Stress tolerance and genetic variability of phosphate-solubilizing fluorescent Pseudomonas from the cold deserts of the trans-Himalayas. Microbial Ecology58: 425-434.
Weisburg WG, Barns SM, Pelletier DA, Lane DJ (1991) 16S Ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study. Journal of Bacteriology 173: 697-703.