بررسی امکان کنترل بیماری بلاست مرکبات با استفاده از عصاره بذر گلپر و مخمرهای رورست

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی‌عصر (عج) رفسنجان

2 دانشیار، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی‌عصر (عج) رفسنجان

3 استادیار مؤسسة تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

بلاست مرکبات یکی از بیماری‌های مهم مرکبات در شمال کشور است که توسط گونه‌هایی از جنس سودوموناس (Pseudomonas spp.) ایجاد می‌شود. این بیماری در شرایط اقلیمی مساعد، خسارت‌های چشمگیری به باغ‌های مرکبات وارد می‌کند. با توجه به محدودیت‌های استفاده از آنتی‌بیوتیک‌ها و ترکیبات شیمیایی سنتزی، کنترل بیولوژیک یا استفاده از ترکیبات گیاهی ضد میکروبی می‌تواند روشی مؤثر برای کنترل بیماری بلاست باشد. در این تحقیق اثر چند جدایة مخمر رورست و عصارة بذر گلپر ایرانی (Heracleum persicum) بر عوامل بلاست مرکبات در شرایط آزمایشگاه (آزمون هالة بازدارندگی) و گلخانه، بررسی شد. جدایه‌های آنتاگونیست از نمونه‌های برگ مرکبات مناطق مختلف استان‌های شمالی کشور جداسازی شدند. همچنین، بذر گلپر از مناطق مرتفع شهرستان بابل جمع‌آوری شد. در بررسی آزمایشگاهی، عصارة گلپر اثر معنی‌داری در مهار رشدی دو عامل بیمارگر از خود نشان داد، اما هیچ‌یک از جدایه‌های مخمری نتوانستند بازدارندگی علیه دو بیمارگر ایجاد کنند. نتایج بررسی گلخانه‌ای نشان داد که یکی از جدایه‌های مخمری (Pichia sp.) با میانگین کاهش 8/78 درصدی بهترین جدایه در کاهش شدت بیماری بلاست مرکبات بود. همچنین، عصارة گلپر توانست جمعیت بیمارگرها را در سطح میوة مرکبات، نسبت به شاهد تا 60 درصد کاهش دهد. یافته‌های این تحقیق نشان داد که استرینPichia sp.  و عصارة گلپر در کنترل بیماری مؤثر هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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