76043abf2ebed2c

بررسی پایداری قارچ تریکودرما در خاک‌های مختلف و تاثیر آن بر بهبود رشد گیاه خیار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد رشتة بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی دانشگاه جیرفت

2 استادیار گروه گیاه‌پزشکی دانشگاه جیرفت

3 استادیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه جیرفت

چکیده

گونه‌های جنس تریکودرما از عوامل مهم بهبود‌دهندة رشد گیاهان هستند و شناسایی شرایط بهینة خاک برای بهبود فعالیت آن‌ها سودمند است. در این پژوهش تأثیر پنج سویه از گونه‌های مختلف جنس تریکودرما شامل: Trichoderma harzianum Tr6،T. harzianum T22،T. asperellum T34، T. atroviride P1وT. harzianum Tr9 در شرایط گلخانه روی گیاه خیار بررسی شدند و استرین برتر به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر آن بر بهبود رشد گیاه خیار و نیز ارزیابی پایداری آن در خاک‌های مختلف شامل: خاک نرمال، خاک دارای کمبود عنصر فسفر و پتاسیم، خاک قلیایی، خاک با دو سطح شوری و خاک اسیدی آزمایش شد. نتایج آزمایش‌ها نشان داد که تأثیر قارچ مزبور در خاک‌های دارای تنش‌های شوری و کمبود عناصر پتاسیم و فسفر بر صفات رشدی مورد بررسی در گیاه خیار به لحاظ آماری معنی‌دار بوده است. بیشترین و کمترین میانگین فراوانی جمعیت قارچ به‌ترتیب در خاک اسیدی و خاک خیلی شور به‌دست آمد. در نهایت، می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که یکی از دلایل پایین‌بودن جمعیت تریکودرما در برخی خاک‌ها مناسب‌نبودن شرایط خاک است و در صورت ترمیم جمعیت آن از طریق افزودن سویه‌های موفق قارچ به خاک، می‌تواند در خاک‌های تحت تنش، رشد گیاهان را بهبود بخشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


Altomare C, Norvell WA, Bjorkman WA, Tharman GE (1999) Solubilization of phosphates and micronutrients by the plant-growth-promoting and biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum Rifai. Applied Environmental Microbiolology 65: 2926-2933.
 Bitton G, Boylan RA (1985) Effect of acid precipitation on soil microbial activity I. Soil core studies. Journal of Environmental Quarterly 14: 66-69.
Bouycos GJ (1962) Hydrometer method improved for making particle size of soil. Journal of Agronomic 56:464-465.
Bailey BA, Lumsden RD (1998) Direct effects of Trichoderma and Gliocladium on plant growth and resistance to pathogens, In: Harman G E, Kubicek C P (Eds.), Trichoderma and Gliocladium, vol. 2. Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 185-204.
Bjorkman T, Blanchard LM, Harman GE (1998) Growth enhance­ment of shrunken-2 (sh2) sweet corn by Trichoderma harzianum 1295-22: effect of environmental stress. Journal of American Society for Horticultural Science 123 (1): 35-40.
Copping LG (1998) The Biopesticide manual. firsted. British Crop Protection Council, UK, 333 pp.
Contreras-Cornejo HA, Macias-Rodriguez L, Cortes-Penagos C, Lopez-Bucio J (2009) Trichoderma virens, a plant beneficial fungus, enhances biomass production and promotes lateral root growth through an auxin-dependent mechanism in arabidopsis. Plant Physiology 149 (3): 1579-1592.
Davet P (1979) Technique pour l’analyse des population de Trichoderma et de Gliocladium virens dans lesol Annual Review of Phytopathology 11: 529-533.
 Davet P (1981) Effects de quelques pesticides sur la colonization d’un substrat par le Trichoderma harzianum Rifai en presence des autres champignons du sol. Soil Biology Biochemical 13: 513-517.
Davet P, Rouxel F (2000) Detection and isolation of soil fungi. Science Publishers, New Hampshire, 188 pp.
Joshi BB, Bhatt RP, Bahukhandi D (2010) Antagonistic and plant growth activity of Trichoderma isolates of Western Himalayas. Journal of Environmental Biology 31 (6): 921-928.
Jackson AM, Whipps JM, Lynch JM (1991) Effects of temperature, pH and water potential on growth of four fungi with disease biocontrol potential. World Journal of  Microbiology Biotechnology 7: 494-501.
Harman GE, Howell CR, Viterbo A, Chet I, Lorito M (2004) Trichoderma species-opportunistic, avirulent plant symbionts. Nature Reviews 2: 43-56.
Harman GE (2000) Myths and dogmas of biocontrol. Changes perceptions derived from research on Trichoderma harzianum T22. Plant Disease 84: 377-393.
Harman GE (2012) Trichoderma spp., Including T. harzianum, T. viride, T. knoningii, T. hamatum and other spp. Deuteromycetes, Moniliales (Asexual Classification System). Retrieved Oct 2, 2012 from http:// www.biocontrol.entomology.cornell.edu/pathogens/trichoderma. html.
Kleifeld O, Chet I (1992) Trichoderma harzianum interaction with plants and effects on growth response. Plant Soil 144: 267-272.
Kubicek CP, Mach RL, Peterbauer CK, Lorito M (2001) Trichoderma: from genes to biocontrol. Journal of Plant Pathology 83(2): 11-23.
Khan FI, Husain T, Hejazi R (2004) An overview and analysis of site remediation technologies. Journal of environmental management 71(2): 95-122.
Khan Sh, Bagwan NB, Iqbal MA, Tamboli RR (2011) Mass Multiolication and shelf life in liquid fermentation final product of Trichoderma viride in different formulations. Advances in Bioresearch 2(1): 178-182.
Kaewchai S, Soytong K, Hyde KD (2010) Mycofungicides and fungal biofertilizers. Fungal Diversity 38: 25-50.
Lockwood JL (1977) Fungistasis in soil. Biology Review 52: 1-43.
Magan N (1988) Effects of water potential and temperature on spore germination and germ-tube growth in vitro and on straw leaf sheaths. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 90(1): 97-107.
Nelsons BW, Sommers LE (1996) Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter, In: Page AL, (ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological, 2nd ed. American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, Madison,WI. Pp. 539-579.
Olsen SR, Sommers LE (1982) Phosphorus, In: Page AL, (ed.), Methods of soil analysis. Part 2: Chemical and microbiological properties, 2nd ed. American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, Madison,WI . Pp. 403-430
Ousley MA, Lynch JM, Whipps JM (1994) Potential of Trichoderma spp. as consistent plant growth stimulators. Biology Fertility Soils 17: 85-90.
Page AL, Miller RH, Keeney DR (1982) Methods of soil analysis. Part II.Chemical and microbiological. American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society 64: 918-926.
Pereira JCR, Chaves GM, Zambolium L, Matsuoka K, Acuna RS, Do-Vall FXR (1998) Survival of Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus Subtilis in vermicompost. Summa Phytopathlogica 24(3-4): 231-238.
Papavizas GC (1985) Trichoderma and Gliocladium: biology, ecology, and potential for biocontrol. Annual Review Phytopathology 23: 23-54.
Poosapati S, Ravulapalli PD, Tippirishetty N, Vishwanathaswamy KD, Chunduri S (2013) Selection of high temperature and salinity tolerant Trichoderma isolates with antagonistic activity against Sclerotium rolfsii. SpringerPlus 3: 1-11.
Phuwiwat W, Soytong K (1999) Growth and yield response of Chinese radish to application of Trichoderma harzianum. Thammasat Intl. Journal of Science Technology 4(1): 68-71.
Rawat L, Singh Y, Shukla N, Kumar J (2011) Alleviation of the adverse effects of salinity stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by seed biopriming with salinity tolerant isolates of Trichoderma harzianum. Plant Soil 347: 387-400.
Rudresh DL, Shivaprakash MK, Prasad RD  (2005) Effect of combined application of Rhizobium, phosphate solubilizing bacterium and Trichoderma spp. on growth, nutrient uptake and yield of chickpea (Cicer aritenium L.). Appl Soil Ecology 28: 139-146.
Roades JD (1996) Salinity. Electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. Method of soil analysis, parss: chemical methods. Madison. Wisconsin, USA. Pp: 417-436
Singh A, Shahid M, Srivastava M, Pandey S, Sharma A, Kumar V (2013) Optimal physical parameters for growth of trichoderma species at varying ph, temperature and agitation. Virology and Mycology 3: 2161-0517.
Thomas GW (1996) Soil pH and soil acidity, In: Method of soil analysis. Klut (ed.), Part3, chemical methods. Madision. Wisconsin. USA.pp. 475-490.
Tchameni SN, Ngonkeu MEL, Begoude BAD, Nana LW, Fokom R, Owona AD (2011) Effect of Trichoderma asperellum and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on cacao growth and resistance against black pod disease. Crop Protetins 30 (10): 1321–1327.
Yedidia I, Srivastva A, Kapulink Y, Chet I  (2001) Effect of Trichoderma harzianum on microelement concentration and increased growth of cucumber plants. Plant Soil 235: 235-242.