بیماری‌زایی گونه های فوزاریوم عامل بیماری پوکابونگ نیشکر و اثر آنتاگونیستی قارچ اندوفیت Trichoderma afroharzianum بر آن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان ، ایران

چکیده

نیشکر یک محصول مهم تجاری برای تولید شکر در جهان است. گیاهی چندساله از خانواده غلات که به دلیل طولانی بودن دوره کشت در معرض ابتلا به آفات و بیماری‌های مختلف است که بر تولید آن اثر می‌گذارد. بیماری پوکابونگ ناشی از گونه‌های قارچ فوزاریوم، یکی از بیماری‌های مهم و در حال توسعه نیشکر در سراسر جهان است. در این تحقیق بیماری‌زایی گونه‌های فوزاریوم مرتبط با این بیماریF. verticillioides ، F. proliferatum، F. sacchari، F. andiyazi، F. acutatum در نیشکر، با دو روش آزمون بیماری‌زایی ساقه‌های بریده در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و آزمون بیماری‌زایی در شرایط گلخانه انجام شد. برای محاسبه شدت بیماری در گونه‌های مختلف، طول ناحیه زخم روی ساقه اندازه گیری شد . نتایج نشان داد که شدت بیماری‌زایی در سه گونه F.verticillioides ، F. proliferatum و F. sacchari. بیشتر از سایر گونه‌ها بود. در بخش دیگر از خاصیت آنتاگونیستی قارچ اندوفیت Trichoderma afroharzianum جدا شده از گیاهان سالم نیشکر برا‌ی کنترل زیستی این بیماری در شرایط گلخانه استفاده شد. میزان اثر بخشی عامل بیوکنترل با سنجش شاخص فوزاریومی، طول ناحیه زخم و فاکتورهای رشدی گیاه بود که به طور غیرمستقیم در کاهش خسارت بیماری نقش دارند. نتایج نشان داد که تمام تیمار‌های اعمال شده با قارچ اندوفیت نسبت به شاهد درکاهش بیماری و افزایش فاکتورهای رشدی گیاه موفقیت‌آمیز بوده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

Extended Abstract

Introduction

Sugarcane is a perennial plant from the cereal family, which is susceptible to various pests and diseases due to the long cultivation period. Biotic and non-biotic stresses affect sugarcane production. Among its important fungal diseases include red rot, smut, and Pokkah boeng caused by Fusarium species, which is one of the most important and developing diseases of sugarcane in the world. Fusarium fungus has a high adaptability to weather conditions and stress condition increases the severity of pathogenicity in different species of Fusarium agent. Pokkah boeng disease has been developing in different sugarcane cultivars in recent years. It is necessary to know the causative agent of the disease in order to carry out its management plans.

 

Materials and Methods

The severity of the pathogenicity of Fusarium species isolated from sugarcane plants affected by Pokkah boeng disease was measured using the pathogenicity test in cut plants in laboratory conditions and seedlings planted in pots. The antagonistic effect of the endophytic fungus Trichoderma afroharzianum on reducing disease index and increasing plant growth factors was carried out in a greenhouse experiment. To calculate the biocontrol effect of endophytic fungi on disease severity in Fusarium species with higher pathogenicity, the length of the wound area on the canes and the Fusarium disease index were measured.

Result and Discussion

The comparison of the species showed that the intensity of pathogenicity was higher in the three species F. proliferatum, F. verticilliodes, and F. sacchari. In the biological control test, we used the endophyte fungus isolated from healthy sugarcane plants to control this disease. Its effect was measured by measuring Fusarium index control and the effect of biocontrol agents on plant growth factors, which indirectly played a role in disease damage control. The results showed that the endophyte fungus reduced the disease index and wound area in all treatments, while the reduction of the disease index was significant only in the F.verticilliodes treatment, it also increased the growth factors. The root length and weight increased significantly. Native endophyte isolates have been confirmed in many researches as one of the effective ways to reduce disease in sugarcane. In many researches, two types of F. sacchari. and F. verticillioides have been introduced as the main factors in the initiation and spread of the disease.

 

Conclusion

The results of our research showed the pathogenicity of five species F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, F. sacchari, F. andiyazi, F. acutatum with high abundance in sugarcane plants with Pokkah boeng disease symptoms and intensity of pathogenicity was higher in three species F. proliferatum, F. verticilliodes, and F sacchari. T. afroharzianum endophyte fungus was used to control the disease, which had a significant effect in reducing the disease and increasing plant growth factors. By identifying fungi and endophytic bacteria of sugarcane plants and identifying their metabolites and effective compounds, these factors can be used to produce biofungicide and biofertilizer commercially for the biological control of this disease and other destructive diseases of sugarcane.

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کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماری های گیاهی
دوره 12، شماره 1
فروردین 1402
صفحه 29-45

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