اثر برهمکنش قارچ عامل بیوکنترلی Microdochium bolleyi بر عامل بیماری پاخوره غلات (Gaeumannomyces graminis) در خاک تیمار شده با کودهای ازته و فسفره

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد بیماری شناسی گیاهی، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی

2 دانشیار قارچ شناسی، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی

3 گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

پاخوره گندم از جمله مهمترین بیماری‌های گندم در سراسر جهان می‌باشد. در این تحقیق برای اولین بار اثر کود‌های فسفره و ازته و قارچ اندوفیت Microdochium bolleyi بر کنترل بیماری پاخوره گندم (رقم پیشگام) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آزمایش گلخانه‌ای در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی و شامل تیمارهای شاهد، کاربرد کودهای ازته و فسفره به نسبت‌های مختلف ( 50 و 100 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم سوپرفسفات تریپل ، 100 و 200 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم اوره) به تنهایی، همراه با بیمارگر (Gaeumannomyces graminis) همچنین قارچ اندوفیت M. bolleyi بود. وزن خشک ریشه، وزن تر اندام هوایی، ارتفاع گیاه و کلروفیل برگ و درصد آلودگی ریشه اندازه گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین وزن خشک ریشه، وزن تر اندام هوایی، ارتفاع گیاه و کلروفیل برگ به طور معنی داری (P<0.05) در تیمار‌هایی به دست آمد که حاوی اوره و سوپرفسفات تریپل در سطوح مختلف و قارچ اندوفیت M. bolleyi بودند. از نظر کنترل بیماریزایی، در تیمارهایی که به تنهایی از کود اوره و سوپر فسفات تریپل استفاده شد حدود ۴۶ درصد بیماری پاخوره گندم کاهش یافت. در تیمارهایی که از قارچ اندوفیت M. bolleyi به تنهایی استفاده شده بود، حدود ۵۸ درصد بیماری کنترل شد. در تیمارهایی که از قارچ اندوفیت و بیشترین سطح کود اوره و سوپرفسفات تریپل استفاده شد حدود 75 درصد بیماری کنترل شد.

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