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Suppression of Meloidogyne javanica on cucumber by Pochonia chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia and Purpureocillium lilacinum compared to biofumigation, soil amendment and solarisation

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

موسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور

چکیده

کارآیی دو قارچ آنتاگونیست Pochonia chlamydosporium var. chlamydoporium و Purpureocillium lilacinum به نسبت بترتیب 104×1 اسپور و 106× 2 اسپور در گرم خاک، بیوفیومیگاسیون (کود سبز)، کود آلی، و آفتابدهی خاک روی کنترل نماتد Meloidogyne javanica روی خیار مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. کنجاله و اندام های هوایی تازه کانولای روغنی Brassica napus L.هر کدام به نسبت 1% وزنی با خاک گلدان های آلوده به نماتد مخلوط شد، نیمی از گلدان های بیوفیومیگانت آفتابدهی شدند. همه گلدان ها همزمان با خیار کاشته شدند و توسط 5 تخم M. javanicaدر گرم خاک تلقیح گردیدند. هر دو قارچ با آلوده کردن 36% تخم های روی ریشه، کاهش تولید مثل نماتد و افزایش وزن گیاهان قابلیت مثبتی در مهار زیستی نماتد نشان دادند. تعداد گال در تیمار پوکونیا به 50 و جمعیت نهایی به 2/4 تخم در گرم خاک کاهش یافت درصورتیکه در شاهد نماتد بترتیب 1/141 و 3/12 بود. در مقایسه با پورپوریوسیلیوم پوکونیا عملکرد بهتری نشان داد. همه تیمارهای غیر شیمیایی جمعیت گال روی ریشه را بین 56% و 78%، و میزان آلودگی نهایی تخم را 35% تا 83% کاهش دادند. ترکیب آفتابدهی و بیوفیومیگاسیون تاثیر بیشتری در مقایسه با هر کدام به تنهایی داشت، جمعیت گال و تخم در بیوفیومیگاسیون بترتیب 4/62 و 7/6 عدد در گرم خاک؛ و در ترکیب با آفتابدهی بترتیب به 1/31 گال و 2 تخم در گرم خاک کاهش یافت. میزان رشد خیار در همه تیمارها افزایش یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


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