کنترل زیستی بیماری کپک خاکستری در سه رقم توت‌فرنگی با استفاده از استرین‌های Bacillus

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان

3 استادیار گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان

چکیده

در این تحقیق تأثیر سویه (استرین)‌های باسیلوس روی جوانه‌زنی اسپور و رشد میسلیوم Botrytis cinerea به منظور کنترل زیستی (بیولوژیک) پوسیدگی میوه در سه رقم توت‌فرنگی شامل Quineliza، Paros و Kurdistan در شرایط آزمایشگاه بررسی شد. از تأثیر سی‌ودو سویۀ جنس باسیلوس روی قارچ بیمارگر در کشت چهار نقطه‌ای، ده سویه که بیشترین بازدارندگی را از رشد داشتند برای کارهای بعدی انتخاب شدند. تأثیر ناهمسازی (آنتاگونیستی) ده سویه روی قارچ بیمارگر با استفاده از آزمون کشت متقابل، سوخت‌وسازگر (متابولیت)‌های فرّار و تولید مایع خارج یاخته‌ای در شرایط آزمایشگاه انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که همه سویه‌های باسیلوس در هر سه آزمون، رشد قارچ بیمارگر را کاهش دادند و این کاهش در جدایه‌های مختلف متفاوت است. درصد کاهش رشد در کشت متقابل، سوخت‌وسازگر‌های فرّار و تولید مایع خارج یاخته‌ای  به ترتیب بین 1/67-5/30، 2/86-5/27 و 82-41 متغیر بود. افزون بر این، تأثیر سویه­های باسیلوس روی جوانه‌زنی اسپور و رشد میسلیوم قارچ بیمارگر روی میوه­های سه رقم توت‌فرنگی نشان داد که همۀ سویه­های باکتری می‌توانند جوانه‌زنی و رشد میسلیوم قارچ بیمارگر را کاهش دهند و این کاهش در جدایه‌های مختلف متفاوت بود. همچنین شدت بیماری پوسیدگی میوه توت‌فرنگی در میوه­های تیمارشده با سویه‌های باسیلوس کاهش شایان‌توجهی در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد نشان دادند. نتایج این تحقیق نشان می­دهد که ترکیبات تولیدشده به‌وسیلۀ سویه‌های باسیلوس توانایی زیادی در کنترل زیستی بیماری کپک خاکستری دارند و نیاز است تحقیقات بیشتری در شرایط مزرعه روی آن‌ها صورت گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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