Pathogenicity of Fusarium species, the causative agent of Pokkah boeng sugarcane disease, and the antagonistic effect of Trichoderma afroharzianum on it

Document Type : Complete paper

Authors

Department of Plantprotection College of Agriculture University of Bu-Ali Sina, Hamedan, Iran.

Abstract

Sugarcane is an important commercial product for sugar production in the world. A perennial plant from the cereal family, which is susceptible to various pests and diseases due to the long cultivation period, which affects its production. Pokkah boeng disease caused by Fusarium species is one of the important and developing diseases of sugarcane worldwide. In this research, the pathogenicity of Fusarium species related to this disease, F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, F. sacchari, F. andiyazi, F. acutatum in sugarcane, with two methods of pathogenicity test of cut stems under laboratory conditions and pathogenicity test in Greenhouse conditions were carried out. To calculate the severity of the disease in different species, the length of the wound area on the canes was measured. The results showed that the intensity of pathogenicity in three species F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum and F. sacchari was higher than other species. In another part, the antagonistic property of the endophytic fungus Trichoderma afroharzianum isolated from healthy sugarcane plants was used for biological control of this disease in greenhouse conditions. The effectiveness of the biocontrol agent was determined by measuring the fusarium index, the length of the wound area and plant growth factors, which indirectly contribute to the reduction of disease damage. The results showed that all the treatments applied with endophytic fungi were successful in reducing the disease and increasing the growth factors of the treated plant compared to the control.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Extended Abstract

Introduction

Sugarcane is a perennial plant from the cereal family, which is susceptible to various pests and diseases due to the long cultivation period. Biotic and non-biotic stresses affect sugarcane production. Among its important fungal diseases include red rot, smut, and Pokkah boeng caused by Fusarium species, which is one of the most important and developing diseases of sugarcane in the world. Fusarium fungus has a high adaptability to weather conditions and stress condition increases the severity of pathogenicity in different species of Fusarium agent. Pokkah boeng disease has been developing in different sugarcane cultivars in recent years. It is necessary to know the causative agent of the disease in order to carry out its management plans.

 

Materials and Methods

The severity of the pathogenicity of Fusarium species isolated from sugarcane plants affected by Pokkah boeng disease was measured using the pathogenicity test in cut plants in laboratory conditions and seedlings planted in pots. The antagonistic effect of the endophytic fungus Trichoderma afroharzianum on reducing disease index and increasing plant growth factors was carried out in a greenhouse experiment. To calculate the biocontrol effect of endophytic fungi on disease severity in Fusarium species with higher pathogenicity, the length of the wound area on the canes and the Fusarium disease index were measured.

Result and Discussion

The comparison of the species showed that the intensity of pathogenicity was higher in the three species F. proliferatum, F. verticilliodes, and F. sacchari. In the biological control test, we used the endophyte fungus isolated from healthy sugarcane plants to control this disease. Its effect was measured by measuring Fusarium index control and the effect of biocontrol agents on plant growth factors, which indirectly played a role in disease damage control. The results showed that the endophyte fungus reduced the disease index and wound area in all treatments, while the reduction of the disease index was significant only in the F.verticilliodes treatment, it also increased the growth factors. The root length and weight increased significantly. Native endophyte isolates have been confirmed in many researches as one of the effective ways to reduce disease in sugarcane. In many researches, two types of F. sacchari. and F. verticillioides have been introduced as the main factors in the initiation and spread of the disease.

 

Conclusion

The results of our research showed the pathogenicity of five species F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, F. sacchari, F. andiyazi, F. acutatum with high abundance in sugarcane plants with Pokkah boeng disease symptoms and intensity of pathogenicity was higher in three species F. proliferatum, F. verticilliodes, and F sacchari. T. afroharzianum endophyte fungus was used to control the disease, which had a significant effect in reducing the disease and increasing plant growth factors. By identifying fungi and endophytic bacteria of sugarcane plants and identifying their metabolites and effective compounds, these factors can be used to produce biofungicide and biofertilizer commercially for the biological control of this disease and other destructive diseases of sugarcane.

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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PESTS AND PLANT DISEASES
Volume 12, Issue 1
April 2024
Pages 29-45

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