Antifungal activity of ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) against some postharvest fungi

Document Type : Short paper

Authors

Abstract

Propolis is a valuable bee-product collected by worker bees from plants and mixing with their enzymes, a sticky, waxy and aromatic material is produced. Various biological properties e.g. antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activity had been proven for this substance. In this study, the inhibitory activity of propolis ethanolic extract in vitro against four pathogenic fungi including Aspergillus flavus (causal agent of pistachio yellow rot), Botrytis cinerea, A. tubingensis and Cladosporium cladosporioides (causal agents of grape rot) was studied. First the ethanolic extract of propolis was provided and then was added to PDA medium in 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 µg/ml. Mycelial disks of fresh fungi cultures were incubated in the center of treated medium and the growth rate of fungi was measured and the inhibition percent was determined. Results showed that there is significantly different (P≤0.01) among fungal species, concentrations and interaction between fungal species and concentration. The sensitivity of fungal species was different in contract to specified concentration of the extract, generally the highest inhibition was observed at the highest used concentration. A. tubengensis and C. cladosporioides showed the highest growth inhibition with 80.88% and 79.11% respectively. The results of this study showed propolis possesses high antifungal potential and it can use for biological control of plants fungal diseases after further researches.

Keywords

Main Subjects


Bautista-Baños S (2014) Postharvest decay, control strategies. Academic Press. London, UK. 383p.
Briceño EX, Latorre BA (2008) Characterization of Cladosporium rot in grapevines, a problem of growing importance in Chile. Plant Disease 92: 1635-1642.Burdock, G. A. 1998. Review of the biological properties and toxicity of bee Propolis (Propolis). Food and Chemical Toxicology 36: 347-63.
Curifuta M, Vidal J, Sánchez J, Contreras A, Salazar LA, Alvear M (2012) The in   vitro   antifungal evaluation of a commercial extract of Chilean   propolis   against six   fungi of agricultural   importance. Ciencia e investigación agraria 39(2): 347-359.
Davari M, Ezazi R (2016) Study on the effects of four medicinal plant essential oils and two Trichoderma species on biocontrol of grape fruit rot fungi. Biological Control of Pests and Plant Diseases 5 (1): 1-12. (In Persian).
Haghdoost NS, Salehi TZ, Khosravi A, Sharifzadeh A (2016) Antifungal activity and influence of propolis against germ tube formation as a critical virulence attribute by clinical isolates of Candida albicans. Journal de Mycologie Médicale 26: 298-305.
 Falcão SI, Vilas-Boas M, Estevinho LM, Barros C, Domingues MR, Cardoso S (2010) Phenolic characterization of Northeast Portuguese propolis: usual and unusual compounds. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 396: 887-897.
Khodaei A, Arzanlou M, Babai-Ahari A, Darvishi F (2014) Identification of black Aspergilli species on grape and raisin in Southern regions of East and West Azerbaijan Provinces. Applied Researches in Plant Protection 3(1): 49-64. (In Persian with English abstract).
Packer JF, Luz MMS (2007) Evaluation and research method for natural products inhibitory activity. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 17(1): 102-7.
Quiroga EN, Sampietro DA, Soberon JR, Sgariglia MA, Vattuone MA (2006) Propolis from the northwest of Argentina as a source of antifungal principles. Letters in Applied Microbiology 101: 103-10.
Romanazzi G, Feliziani E (2014) Botrytis cinerea (Gray Mold). Pp: 131-146. In: Postharvest Decay Control Strategies. Ed., Bautista-Baños, S. Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier.
Yang SZ, Peng LT, Su XJ, Chen F, Cheng YJ, Fan G, Pan SY (2011) Bioassay-guided isolation and identification of antifungal components from propolis against Penicillium italicum. Food Chemistry 127: 210-215.