پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران موسسه تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PESTS AND PLANT DISEASES 2322-2883 2 2 2014 01 21 Study on growth inhibition of Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin B1 reduction in Pistachio by Trichoderma strains Study on growth inhibition of Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin B1 reduction in Pistachio by Trichoderma strains 71 79 36594 10.22059/jbioc.2014.36594 FA Sanaz Chegini Keivan Behboudi university of tehran null Mohammad Javan Nikkhah unoversitt of tehran Mohsen Farzaneh university of shahid beheshti Journal Article 2014 03 11 In this investigation the effect of Trichoderma isolates in inhibition of Aspergillus flavus growth and reducing of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was studied in culture media and pistachio nuts. Among Trichoderma isolates, T1, T3, T4 and T17 isolates showed significant impact on inhibiting of A. flavus R5growth. T3 and T4 isolates were the most effective isolates, which caused 84.40% and 77.88% reduction of aflatoxin produced by A. flavus R5on pistachio and 88.03% and 79.73% reduction of aflatoxin B1 which was added to the medium respectively. In order to study the way the Trichoderma isolates affected the pathogen, the influence of volatile compounds and filtrate culture extract of Trichoderma isolates on A. flavus R5 growth were investigated. Study on volatile compounds effect showed that T1, T3, T4 and T17 isolates with 60.66%, 68.88%, 63.33% and 59% reduction of fungal growth, respectively. The results showed that T1, T3, T4 and T17 isolates could inhibit the mycelia growth of A. flavus in PDB liquid medium. Isolates of T3 and T4 caused 58.88% and 50.01% reduction of fungal biomass, followed by 90.76% and 86.25% reduction of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), respectively. Results of the most experiments that was done in this study showed that T3 and T4 isolates are the most effective isolates in biological control of A. flavus R5. According to ITS1- 5.8s- ITS2 Gene Sequence analysis, T1, T3 and T4 isolates belonged to T. harzianum, T. longibrachiatum and T. harzianum, respectively. In this investigation the effect of Trichoderma isolates in inhibition of Aspergillus flavus growth and reducing of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was studied in culture media and pistachio nuts. Among Trichoderma isolates, T1, T3, T4 and T17 isolates showed significant impact on inhibiting of A. flavus R5growth. T3 and T4 isolates were the most effective isolates, which caused 84.40% and 77.88% reduction of aflatoxin produced by A. flavus R5on pistachio and 88.03% and 79.73% reduction of aflatoxin B1 which was added to the medium respectively. In order to study the way the Trichoderma isolates affected the pathogen, the influence of volatile compounds and filtrate culture extract of Trichoderma isolates on A. flavus R5 growth were investigated. Study on volatile compounds effect showed that T1, T3, T4 and T17 isolates with 60.66%, 68.88%, 63.33% and 59% reduction of fungal growth, respectively. The results showed that T1, T3, T4 and T17 isolates could inhibit the mycelia growth of A. flavus in PDB liquid medium. Isolates of T3 and T4 caused 58.88% and 50.01% reduction of fungal biomass, followed by 90.76% and 86.25% reduction of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), respectively. Results of the most experiments that was done in this study showed that T3 and T4 isolates are the most effective isolates in biological control of A. flavus R5. According to ITS1- 5.8s- ITS2 Gene Sequence analysis, T1, T3 and T4 isolates belonged to T. harzianum, T. longibrachiatum and T. harzianum, respectively.

پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران موسسه تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PESTS AND PLANT DISEASES 2322-2883 2 2 2014 01 21 Comparable application cultural, biological and chemical control of pests, diseases and weeds in rice Comparable application cultural, biological and chemical control of pests, diseases and weeds in rice 81 95 51476 10.22059/jbioc.2014.51476 FA Fatemeh Razaghi PhD Candidate, University of Tehran, IRan Ahmad Rezvanfar Professor, University of Tehran, Iran Hosein Shabanali Fami Professor, University of Tehran, Iran Aboutaleb Hoeinpoor Assistant Professor, Mazandaran, Iran Journal Article 2013 10 30 The aim of this study was to comparable application cultural, biological and chemical control methods of pests, diseases and weeds in rice among paddy farmers in Sari County. A sample of 260 farmers was selected by using proportional random sampling method. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire. Validity of questionnaire was confirmed by Agricultural Jihad experts of Sari County and some faculty members at University of Tehran. Cronbach’s alpha was used to estimate the reliability which founding to be acceptable. According to the findings, farmers’ awareness of pests, diseases and weeds control methods in the 53.5% of paddy farmers is relatively high. The most of the paddy farmers in order to crop pests management applicated cultural and chemical control methods. In addition, biological control practices had allocated last priority to itself. In order to control of rice diseases, the most of them used cultural and chemical control methods. In contrast paddy farmers didn’t use biological practices to control of rice diseases. The most of farmers applicate weeds cultural and chemical control methods, in contrast, biological practices to weeds control had allocated last priority to itself. The aim of this study was to comparable application cultural, biological and chemical control methods of pests, diseases and weeds in rice among paddy farmers in Sari County. A sample of 260 farmers was selected by using proportional random sampling method. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire. Validity of questionnaire was confirmed by Agricultural Jihad experts of Sari County and some faculty members at University of Tehran. Cronbach’s alpha was used to estimate the reliability which founding to be acceptable. According to the findings, farmers’ awareness of pests, diseases and weeds control methods in the 53.5% of paddy farmers is relatively high. The most of the paddy farmers in order to crop pests management applicated cultural and chemical control methods. In addition, biological control practices had allocated last priority to itself. In order to control of rice diseases, the most of them used cultural and chemical control methods. In contrast paddy farmers didn’t use biological practices to control of rice diseases. The most of farmers applicate weeds cultural and chemical control methods, in contrast, biological practices to weeds control had allocated last priority to itself.

پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران موسسه تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PESTS AND PLANT DISEASES 2322-2883 2 2 2014 01 21 Effects of superparasitism on reproductive fitness of Ooencyrtus fecundus Ferriere & Voegele (Hym. Encyrtidae), egg parasitoid of sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hem. Scutelleridae) Effects of superparasitism on reproductive fitness of Ooencyrtus fecundus Ferriere & Voegele (Hym. Encyrtidae), egg parasitoid of sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hem. Scutelleridae) 97 105 51477 10.22059/jbioc.2014.51477 FA Sajjad Ahmadpour MSc. Professor, University of Tabriz, Iran Shahzad Iranipour Associate Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz Shahryar Asgari Assistant Professor, Agriculture and Natural Resources Center of Tehran Province, Varamin Journal Article 2013 07 31 Ooencyrtus fecundus Ferriere & Voegele (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is one of the gregarious egg parasitoids of sunn pest that can superparasitize the host. Superparasitism has inverse effects on fitness, reproductive potential, competition ability and adult size of gregarious parasitoids. In this study, the effects of superparasitism and its intensity (four levels including singleton, twin, triplet and quadruplet females) was investigated on biological features of O. fecundus under laboratory conditions. Stable population growth parameters were compared as fitness indicators among four treatments. Significant differences were observed in all parameters except generation time (T). Intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was estimated to be 0.2529±0.0024, 0.2480±0.0019, 0.2389±0.0023 and 0.2354±0.0019 per day in single, twine triple and quadruple females, respectively. On the other hand, net reproductive rate (R0) was 198.14±7.22, 188.63±6.72, 170.54±2.04 and 139.77±2.01offsprings and generation time (T) was 20.9±0.29, 21.12±0.18, 21.5±0.21 and 20.98±0.15 days in those treatments, respectively. Although parameters were close to each other, their differences were still significant because their variance was low. In most cases, parameter values were significantly different between singleton and twin females with triplet and quadruplets. Superparasitism affected fitness of individuals, however this effect was not so strong that causes superparasitism remove and it seems that it can also grant considerable advantage to the wasp when host density is scarce. Ooencyrtus fecundus Ferriere & Voegele (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is one of the gregarious egg parasitoids of sunn pest that can superparasitize the host. Superparasitism has inverse effects on fitness, reproductive potential, competition ability and adult size of gregarious parasitoids. In this study, the effects of superparasitism and its intensity (four levels including singleton, twin, triplet and quadruplet females) was investigated on biological features of O. fecundus under laboratory conditions. Stable population growth parameters were compared as fitness indicators among four treatments. Significant differences were observed in all parameters except generation time (T). Intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was estimated to be 0.2529±0.0024, 0.2480±0.0019, 0.2389±0.0023 and 0.2354±0.0019 per day in single, twine triple and quadruple females, respectively. On the other hand, net reproductive rate (R0) was 198.14±7.22, 188.63±6.72, 170.54±2.04 and 139.77±2.01offsprings and generation time (T) was 20.9±0.29, 21.12±0.18, 21.5±0.21 and 20.98±0.15 days in those treatments, respectively. Although parameters were close to each other, their differences were still significant because their variance was low. In most cases, parameter values were significantly different between singleton and twin females with triplet and quadruplets. Superparasitism affected fitness of individuals, however this effect was not so strong that causes superparasitism remove and it seems that it can also grant considerable advantage to the wasp when host density is scarce.

پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران موسسه تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PESTS AND PLANT DISEASES 2322-2883 2 2 2014 01 21 Survey on entomopathogenic nematodes in families steinernematidae and heterorhabditidae in North Khorasan Survey on entomopathogenic nematodes in families steinernematidae and heterorhabditidae in North Khorasan 107 121 51663 10.22059/jbioc.2014.51663 FA Javad Karimi Javad Karimi Biocontrol and Insect Pathology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultura, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Ebrahim Shokohi Journal Article 2013 09 21 Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are one of the most important biocontrol agents. The identification of these agents has become very important issue due to the developing trend of their applications in the recent decades. A survey for isolation of EPNs was conducted in Bojnourd region, from three different habitats. Subsequently, morphological and molecular characteristics as well cross breeding tests were used to identify those native isolates. Among 50 soil samples, 5 samples were positive including 10 populations. Both Steinernema and Heterorhabditis genera were isolated using Galleria trap method. According to morphological and morphometric characters, four isolates, namely Boj1, Boj7, Boj8 and Boj9 were from "feltiae" species group of Steinernema. Another isolate, HBoj was a member of "bacteriophora" species group of Heterorhabditis. The phylogenetic analysis on sequence data of ITS showed that Boj1, Boj7, Boj8 and Boj9 attributed to “feltiae” group, while HBoj isolate belonged to “bacteriophora” group. Reconstruction of phylogenetic trees using ITS sequences showed that four isolates, Boj1, Boj7, Boj8 and Boj9 were grouped in a clade with other species of "feltiae" group (of Steinernema). Phylogenetic analysis on those genes for HBoj isolate grouped this isolate with H. bacteriophora species in a clade. Crossbreeding tests between Boj1, Boj7, Boj8 and Boj9 isolates and reference strain of S. feltiae showed that Boj1 belongs to the S. feltiae species. The other three isolates (Boj7, Boj8 and Boj9) were species from Steinernema genus. Current survey is the first study on native populations of EPNs in North Khorasan. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are one of the most important biocontrol agents. The identification of these agents has become very important issue due to the developing trend of their applications in the recent decades. A survey for isolation of EPNs was conducted in Bojnourd region, from three different habitats. Subsequently, morphological and molecular characteristics as well cross breeding tests were used to identify those native isolates. Among 50 soil samples, 5 samples were positive including 10 populations. Both Steinernema and Heterorhabditis genera were isolated using Galleria trap method. According to morphological and morphometric characters, four isolates, namely Boj1, Boj7, Boj8 and Boj9 were from "feltiae" species group of Steinernema. Another isolate, HBoj was a member of "bacteriophora" species group of Heterorhabditis. The phylogenetic analysis on sequence data of ITS showed that Boj1, Boj7, Boj8 and Boj9 attributed to “feltiae” group, while HBoj isolate belonged to “bacteriophora” group. Reconstruction of phylogenetic trees using ITS sequences showed that four isolates, Boj1, Boj7, Boj8 and Boj9 were grouped in a clade with other species of "feltiae" group (of Steinernema). Phylogenetic analysis on those genes for HBoj isolate grouped this isolate with H. bacteriophora species in a clade. Crossbreeding tests between Boj1, Boj7, Boj8 and Boj9 isolates and reference strain of S. feltiae showed that Boj1 belongs to the S. feltiae species. The other three isolates (Boj7, Boj8 and Boj9) were species from Steinernema genus. Current survey is the first study on native populations of EPNs in North Khorasan.

پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران موسسه تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PESTS AND PLANT DISEASES 2322-2883 2 2 2014 01 21 Effect of male to female ratio on fecundity and fertility of Hippodamia variegata (Col.: Coccinellidae) Effect of male to female ratio on fecundity and fertility of Hippodamia variegata (Col.: Coccinellidae) 123 127 51672 10.22059/jbioc.2014.51672 FA Mahsa Al Daghi Hosein Allahyari Reza Talaee Hasanlouei 0000-0002-2960-7135 Journal Article 2014 02 04 Many of insects have re-mating behavoiur during their reproductive period. The re-mating phenomenons have been observed in many ladybirds, too. In current study, the change of proportion of male to female (sex ratio) was used in order to changing of possibility and times of re-mating in Hippodamia variegata. In previous studies it has been indicated that males make up about 50% of this predator’s population. To examine change in sex ratio, one day old and virgin females and males have been used. Treatments included: 10 females without male, 10 females with the presence of 2 males, 10 females with the presence of 4 males, 10 females with the presence of 6 males, 10 females with the presence of 8 males and 10 pairs of females and males together. Number of eggs was counted and recorded for 20 days. Then, effect of the male: female ratio on egg production and hatching rate was evaluated. The results of this research showed that there was no significant difference between treatments about egg production. In other words, decreasing the ratio of male, female have not got any negative effect on female egg production. Evaluating the fertility in different treatments showed that, despite popular perception, the presence of 10 males with 10 females not only did not increase the amount of fertility but also decreased it. This illustrates that incidence of re-mating causes declining female’s fitness. This finding has been discussed from practical point of view. Many of insects have re-mating behavoiur during their reproductive period. The re-mating phenomenons have been observed in many ladybirds, too. In current study, the change of proportion of male to female (sex ratio) was used in order to changing of possibility and times of re-mating in Hippodamia variegata. In previous studies it has been indicated that males make up about 50% of this predator’s population. To examine change in sex ratio, one day old and virgin females and males have been used. Treatments included: 10 females without male, 10 females with the presence of 2 males, 10 females with the presence of 4 males, 10 females with the presence of 6 males, 10 females with the presence of 8 males and 10 pairs of females and males together. Number of eggs was counted and recorded for 20 days. Then, effect of the male: female ratio on egg production and hatching rate was evaluated. The results of this research showed that there was no significant difference between treatments about egg production. In other words, decreasing the ratio of male, female have not got any negative effect on female egg production. Evaluating the fertility in different treatments showed that, despite popular perception, the presence of 10 males with 10 females not only did not increase the amount of fertility but also decreased it. This illustrates that incidence of re-mating causes declining female’s fitness. This finding has been discussed from practical point of view.

پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران موسسه تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PESTS AND PLANT DISEASES 2322-2883 2 2 2014 01 21 Effects of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Glomus mussae and Glomus intraradices on pea root rot disease caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi under greenhouse conditions Effects of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Glomus mussae and Glomus intraradices on pea root rot disease caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi under greenhouse conditions 129 137 51685 10.22059/jbioc.2014.51685 FA Mahbobeh Sohrabi Hamid Mohammadi Amir Hosein Mohammadi Journal Article 2013 12 10 In the present study, the effects of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Glomus mosseae andGlomus intraradices, alone and in combination, on the growth parameters, chlorophyll and the root-rot disease of pea (Pisum sativum) caused by Fusarium solani f.sp. pisi were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Eight different treatments in four replications were designed in randomized blocks. Compared with the non-treated controls all AM treatments increased plant growth parameters and chlorophyll of treated plants. Based on the results individual inoculation with G. mosseae was more effective than G. intraradices and dual (G. intraradices + G. mosseae) inoculations. Inoculation of F. solani f. sp. pisi without G. mosseae and G. intraradices treatments caused a significant reduction in plant growth parameters and chlorophyll of treated plants (at 1%) over the uninoculated control. In the presence of G. mosseae, G. intraradices and dual inoculation of G. mosseae plus G. intraradices, root colonization by F. solani f. sp. pisi was decreased but individual inoculation with G. mosseae was more effective than other treatments. Inoculation of G. mosseae and G. intraradices caused a significant increase in plant growth parameters and chlorophyll of pathogen inoculated plants compared with inoculated pea plants with F. solani f. sp. pisi. Based on the results, application of G. mosseae found to be the best for reducing the root rot disease severity and improving plant growth parameters of pea. In the present study, the effects of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Glomus mosseae andGlomus intraradices, alone and in combination, on the growth parameters, chlorophyll and the root-rot disease of pea (Pisum sativum) caused by Fusarium solani f.sp. pisi were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Eight different treatments in four replications were designed in randomized blocks. Compared with the non-treated controls all AM treatments increased plant growth parameters and chlorophyll of treated plants. Based on the results individual inoculation with G. mosseae was more effective than G. intraradices and dual (G. intraradices + G. mosseae) inoculations. Inoculation of F. solani f. sp. pisi without G. mosseae and G. intraradices treatments caused a significant reduction in plant growth parameters and chlorophyll of treated plants (at 1%) over the uninoculated control. In the presence of G. mosseae, G. intraradices and dual inoculation of G. mosseae plus G. intraradices, root colonization by F. solani f. sp. pisi was decreased but individual inoculation with G. mosseae was more effective than other treatments. Inoculation of G. mosseae and G. intraradices caused a significant increase in plant growth parameters and chlorophyll of pathogen inoculated plants compared with inoculated pea plants with F. solani f. sp. pisi. Based on the results, application of G. mosseae found to be the best for reducing the root rot disease severity and improving plant growth parameters of pea.

پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران موسسه تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PESTS AND PLANT DISEASES 2322-2883 2 2 2014 01 21 Spatial distribution pattern of pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum and predatory ladybirds Coccinella septempunctata and Hippodamia variegata in alfalfa fields of Hamedan Spatial distribution pattern of pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum and predatory ladybirds Coccinella septempunctata and Hippodamia variegata in alfalfa fields of Hamedan 139 148 51686 10.22059/jbioc.2014.51686 FA Safura Soleimani Hossein Madadi Bu-Ali Sina University Journal Article 2013 12 05 The distribution pattern of pest population is one of the factors not only effects on sampling program and data analysis method, but also can be used to measure the density of pests and their natural enemies. Thus, the spatial distribution pattern of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris (Hem.: Aphididae) and its two major predators, Hippodamia variegata Goeze (Col.: Coccinellidae) and Coccinella septempunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Col.: Coccinellidae) was investigated by different dispersion indices through 2012 and 2013 growing seasons. Dispersion pattern was determined by using Taylor's power law, Iwao's patchiness regression method and variance to mean ration test. Obtained results showed an aggregated distribution pattern of pea aphid and lady beetles. Based on R2 and p-value of regression analysis, Iwao's patchiness regression model provided a slightly more adequate description of variance/mean relationships than Taylor's power law. Among the species studied, the pea aphid adults and H. variegata showed the highest and C. septempunctata showed the smallest coefficients of Taylor's power law respectively. These results provide a reliable basis to develop efficient sampling plans for estimating aphid and their natural enemies populations The distribution pattern of pest population is one of the factors not only effects on sampling program and data analysis method, but also can be used to measure the density of pests and their natural enemies. Thus, the spatial distribution pattern of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris (Hem.: Aphididae) and its two major predators, Hippodamia variegata Goeze (Col.: Coccinellidae) and Coccinella septempunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Col.: Coccinellidae) was investigated by different dispersion indices through 2012 and 2013 growing seasons. Dispersion pattern was determined by using Taylor's power law, Iwao's patchiness regression method and variance to mean ration test. Obtained results showed an aggregated distribution pattern of pea aphid and lady beetles. Based on R2 and p-value of regression analysis, Iwao's patchiness regression model provided a slightly more adequate description of variance/mean relationships than Taylor's power law. Among the species studied, the pea aphid adults and H. variegata showed the highest and C. septempunctata showed the smallest coefficients of Taylor's power law respectively. These results provide a reliable basis to develop efficient sampling plans for estimating aphid and their natural enemies populations

پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران موسسه تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PESTS AND PLANT DISEASES 2322-2883 2 2 2014 01 21 Culture medium designing for semi-industrial production of Bacillus subtilis UTB96 Culture medium designing for semi-industrial production of Bacillus subtilis UTB96 149 160 51764 10.22059/jbioc.2014.51764 FA Soleiman Ghasemi PhD Candidate, Faculty of Agriculture and Nature resources, University of Tehran, Iran Masoud Ahmadzadeh Professor, Faculty of Agriculture and Nature resources of Tehran University Faramarz Khodaiyan Assistance Professor, Faculty of Agriculture and Nature resources of Tehran University Journal Article 2014 03 17 The purpose of this research was to design a semi-industrial culture medium to obtain the maximum biomass production from bacterium Bacillus subtilis UTB96. In the first step, in order to reduce the cost of culture medium components, commercial products and industrial by products including, sugar beet molasses, sugar cane molasses, potato waste water and milk serum as carbon sources and corn steep liquor, as a nitrogen source were studied. In addition some inorganic compounds including ammonium sulfate, urea, granular fertilizer urea, dihydrogen ammonium phosphate were comparatively evaluated. The designed culture medium with defined components were applied in both laboratory and semi-industrial scale bioreactors and the biomass production and antagonistic effect of bacterium were compared with together. The results showed, sugar cane molasses and corn steep liquor as industrial carbon and nitrogen sources respectively, at concentrations of 10 and 2 g/lit respectively can be used in high-scale production of biological control agent B. subtilis UTB96. Finally, the designed culture medium application in semi-industrial scale bioreactor resulted in biomass production of 0.32 g/lit. The bacterium grown in this culture medium had antifungal activity on both pathogenic agents, Aspergillus flavus and Phytophthora drechsleri with 50 and 70% inhibition respectively. Whereas the application of designed culture medium in laboratory scale bioreactor resulted in biomass production of 0.31 g/lit. Bacterium grown in this bioreactor has antifungal effect on A. flavus and P. drechsleri with 78 and 54% inhibition, respectively. The purpose of this research was to design a semi-industrial culture medium to obtain the maximum biomass production from bacterium Bacillus subtilis UTB96. In the first step, in order to reduce the cost of culture medium components, commercial products and industrial by products including, sugar beet molasses, sugar cane molasses, potato waste water and milk serum as carbon sources and corn steep liquor, as a nitrogen source were studied. In addition some inorganic compounds including ammonium sulfate, urea, granular fertilizer urea, dihydrogen ammonium phosphate were comparatively evaluated. The designed culture medium with defined components were applied in both laboratory and semi-industrial scale bioreactors and the biomass production and antagonistic effect of bacterium were compared with together. The results showed, sugar cane molasses and corn steep liquor as industrial carbon and nitrogen sources respectively, at concentrations of 10 and 2 g/lit respectively can be used in high-scale production of biological control agent B. subtilis UTB96. Finally, the designed culture medium application in semi-industrial scale bioreactor resulted in biomass production of 0.32 g/lit. The bacterium grown in this culture medium had antifungal activity on both pathogenic agents, Aspergillus flavus and Phytophthora drechsleri with 50 and 70% inhibition respectively. Whereas the application of designed culture medium in laboratory scale bioreactor resulted in biomass production of 0.31 g/lit. Bacterium grown in this bioreactor has antifungal effect on A. flavus and P. drechsleri with 78 and 54% inhibition, respectively.

پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران موسسه تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PESTS AND PLANT DISEASES 2322-2883 2 2 2014 01 21 Contents & English Abstracts Contents & English Abstracts 1 8 51981 10.22059/jbioc.2014.51981 FA Journal Article 2014 11 12