Effects of biocontrol activity of ascomycetes yeasts isolated from natural resources on gray mold fungus (Botrytis cinerea) using dual culture method
مجید
قرایی
دانشگاه رازی
author
صمد
جمالی
دانشگاه رازی
author
سعید
عباسی
null
author
text
article
2018
per
The gray mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea is one of the important post-harvest diseases especially in apple and Strawberry. In order to biological control of B. cinerea, we used 14 isolates of ascomycetous yeasts obtained from natural resources and plants. For molecular identification of yeast isolates, genomic DNA extracted and D1/D2 domain of the large subunit (LSU) rDNA gene sequenced. Nine species including Pichia kudriavzevii, Pichia galeiformis, Galactomyces candidum, Meyerozma guilliermondii, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Zygoascus meyerae, Pichia sp., Candida parapsilosis, Metschnikowia sp., Candida boidinii, Lecythophora sp. and Candida catenulatea were identified based on sequence similarity of D1/D2 domain of the LSU rDNA gene of the isolates with those in NCBI database. The dual culture method used for assay of their biocontrol activity against of B.cinerea on potato dextrose agar medium in a completely randomize design with tree replications. Our results show that highest inhibitor effect related to G. candidum with 47.85 percent and lowest effect related to P. kudriavzevii with 6.53 percent. In this study, yeast isolates obtained from natural resource and plants showed high biocontrol activity against of B. cinerea.
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PESTS AND PLANT DISEASES
پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران
موسسه تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی
2322-2883
7
v.
1
no.
2018
1
7
https://jbiocontrol.ut.ac.ir/article_65488_a8d84c1b11b7c0daa2dbbdf4c69e797e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jbioc.2017.226841.185
Optimization of antifungal and insecticidal effects of garden thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oil through response surface methodology
Asgar
Ebadollahi
Moghan College Of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of
Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran
author
Ebarahim
Taghinezhad
Moghan College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
author
Mahdi
Davari
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
author
text
article
2018
per
In the present study, optimization and modeling of the mycelial growth inhibitory and fumigant toxicity of Thymus vulgaris essential oil were investigated using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) against the pathogenic fungi Fusarium graminearum and Botrytis cinerea and the lesser grain beetle (Rhyzopertha dominica), respectively. The chemical composition of this essential oil was also assessed through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and carvacrol (27.99%), thymol (12.76%), and geraniol (8.91%) were identified as its main components. Mycelial growth inhibition of pathogenic fungi and insect pest mortality was significantly enhanced with increasing of the essential oil concentrations and the exposure times. Optimum conditions to achieve maximum mycelial growth inhibitory (88.67%) were evaluated as time of 88.59 h and the concentration of 486.66 ppm. Also, a time of 74.01-h and the concentration of 552.96 ppm were caused the maximum growth inhibitory of B. cinerea (94.43%). The concentration of 43.10 µl/l and 60 h exposure time were estimated as optimum conditions for achieving 72.23% mortality of R. dominica. Results demonstrated that the essential oil of T. vulgaris has a high potential for management of F. graminearum and B. cinerea and the lesser grain beetle.
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PESTS AND PLANT DISEASES
پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران
موسسه تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی
2322-2883
7
v.
1
no.
2018
9
19
https://jbiocontrol.ut.ac.ir/article_67163_14c2fc12a76b2f8ab0087e40040c2b08.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jbioc.2018.252650.223
The effect of several antagonistic fungi isolate on biological control of tea root lesion nematode (Pratylenchus loosi)
Aboulfazl
Yahyavi Azad
Plant protection
author
Ali
Seraji
Plant Pathology Assistant Professor, Tea Research Center, Horticultural Science Research Institute, AREEO, Lahijan, Iran.
author
Ali Akbar
Hojjat Jalali
Plant Pathology Assistant Professor, Department of plant protection, College of Agriculture and Natural resources, Razi University, Kermanshah.
author
Sanam
Safaei Chaykar
Plant Breeding Assistant Professor, Tea Research Center, Horticultural Science Research Institute, AREEO, Lahijan, Iran.
author
text
article
2018
per
Currently, the management of the struggle against tea root lesion nematode (Pratylenchus loosi) based on biological control is one of the research priorities in tea product. In this research, after sampling the soil and root of tea bushes in tea cultivated areas included Guilan and Mazandaran provinces during the spring and summer of 2013, fungi were isolated from tea rhizosphere soil area. The fungi tested included Paecilomyces lilacinus (T1), P. lilacinus (N1, N3), Fusarium culmurom, Clonostachys rosea and Acremonium strictum. After identifying, purifying of strains and performing experiments related to the fungi antagonistic under laboratory conditions (Czapek-Dox 3.34% and malt 1.5% as culture filtrates). Results showed that in Czapek-Dox culture, P. lilacinus (T1) fungi deactivated 52.01% of P. loosi juveniles after 72 hours and this strain didn’t show significant effect on adult mortality. In malt culture, P. lilacinus (T1) fungi deactivated juveniles and adult 32.41% and 30.54%, respectively. In greenhouse condition, antagonistic experiments were carried out in three modes of fungi and nematode inoculation simultaneously, fungi inoculation and two weeks later nematode inoculation and nematode inoculation and two weeks later fungi inoculation. The results showed that if C. rosea inoculated two weeks before nematode inoculation, it could be considerable effect on some indices such as total seedling weight, root fresh weight, root volume and nematode populations in root and soil in comparison with other strains.
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PESTS AND PLANT DISEASES
پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران
موسسه تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی
2322-2883
7
v.
1
no.
2018
21
32
https://jbiocontrol.ut.ac.ir/article_67164_772bc82c14f10acd62545988e133dd5b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jbioc.2018.234850.202
Biological control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) De Bary cause the cucumber white stem rot by rhizospheric Actinobacteria
mohamad javad
zahed
دانشجو
author
کیوان
بهبودی
عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه تهران
author
ساناز
عینی
دانش آموخته
author
احمد علی
پوربابایی
استادیار
author
text
article
2018
per
Actinobacteria have attracted high interests as potential biocontrol agents due to their antagonistic properties against wide range of plant pathogens particularly fungi. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) De Bary, the causal agent of cucumber white stem rot, is one of the most destructive phytopathogens throughout the world which has three important characters as wide host range, severe pathogenicity and prolonged survival of the Sclerotia in unfavorable environmental conditions. Considering the serious damage of this pathogen that cannot be easily controlled by chemical methods, alternative approaches such as biocontrol method using several species of actinobacteria were evaluated against this pathogen. Antifungal bioactivity of 109 isolates of actinobacteria collected from soils of Alborz province of Iran was investigated against S. sclerotiorum through agar dual culture bioassays. Among them, Streptomyces UTS13, UTS19 and UTS49 revealed reasonable inhibitory capabilities in dual culture procedure. In physiological studies the isolates showed enzymatic activities of chitinase, and protease. The results showed that UTS13 reduced the disease upto 50% in greenhouse conditions and significantly increased plant growth compared with the control. UTS13 isolate was identified with molecular features as Streptomyces albidoflavus UTS13. Future perspective includes production of commercial biocontrol products and resistant transgenic plants having antifungal properties originated from biologically active genes of S. albidoflavus UTS13. This investigation introduced S. albidoflavus UTS13 as an effective biological agent with wide spectrum of antagonistic activities against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PESTS AND PLANT DISEASES
پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران
موسسه تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی
2322-2883
7
v.
1
no.
2018
33
45
https://jbiocontrol.ut.ac.ir/article_67165_6e2e68e38d8498571a707f704642df61.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jbioc.2017.230696.191
Study of some behavioral characteristics of the predatory gall midge Aphidoletes aphidimyza Rondani on the melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover in laboratory conditions
Leila
Mottaghinia
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
author
Mahdi
Hassanpour
University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
author
Jabraeil
Razmjou
University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
author
text
article
2018
per
One of the important criteria for assessing the efficiency of natural enemies is to study their behavioral characteristics. In the current study host stage preference, switching, and mutual interference of the predatory gall midge larvae Aphidoletes aphidimyza Rondani were studied on different nymphal instars of melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover. The experiments were carried out in Petri dishes with cucumber leaf discs in a growth chamber. Based on the results, no significant differences were found for the preference of A. aphidimyza larvae for each nymphal instars of the melon aphid. But, its highest eaten biomass was recorded on forth instars. In switching trial, at 20: 40 and 30: 30 (third instar: first instar) ratios, the predator had more preference for third instars of the melon aphid. In mutual interference, the per capita searching efficiency of the predator varied from 0.0623 to 0.1805 h-1, which the negative value of the regression slope indicated the mutual interference of A. aphidimyza larvae. The results showed that the behavioral characteristics of A. aphidimyza may be affected by the density of the pest as well as the predator larvae.
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PESTS AND PLANT DISEASES
پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران
موسسه تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی
2322-2883
7
v.
1
no.
2018
47
57
https://jbiocontrol.ut.ac.ir/article_67166_300c281853a909222341d3bd57115cd1.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jbioc.2018.232436.195
Effect of extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra, Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Ocimum basilicum on Fusarium graminearum control and expression of essential genes in zearalenone biosynthetic pathway
Hamid Reza
Ganjali
Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, Islamic Azad University, Zahedan Branch, Zahedan, Iran
author
javad
abkhoo
Instructor, Agricultural Research Institute,University of Zabol, Iran
author
Ebrahim
Dahmardeh
Expert, Agricultural Research Institute,University of Zabol, Iran
author
text
article
2018
per
Fusarium graminearum causes Fusarium head blight, an important disease of cereals that leads to extensive yield and quality loss of wheat. Yield losses results from reduction in the number of kernels and shriveled kernels and grain quality is reduced due to accumulation of mycotoxins. In this study, the effects of ethanolic extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra, Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Ocimum basilicum on F. graminearum growth and the expression of some essential genes in zearalenone biosynthetic pathway were investigated. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were measured and the expression of PKS4, PKS13, FG12056, and FG02398 genes were evaluated by using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) technique. Glycyrrhiza glabra extract had the the lowest MIC value (25 mg/ml) and the extracts of C. zeylanicum and O. basilicum had the highest MIC value (50 mg/ml). Glycyrrhiza glabra extract had the lowest MFC value (50 mg/ml) and the highest fungal property on F. graminearum, and the extracts of C. zeylanicum and O. basilicum had the highest MFC value (100 mg/ml). The expression of PKS4, PKS13, FG12056, and FG02398 genes were significantly decreased by G. glabra extract. The results of this study showed that the G. glabra extract has fungicidal and inhibitory effects on F. graminearum and reduces the expression of essential genes in zearalenone biosynthetic pathway.
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PESTS AND PLANT DISEASES
پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران
موسسه تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی
2322-2883
7
v.
1
no.
2018
58
64
https://jbiocontrol.ut.ac.ir/article_67492_46820e9a26940035ce9c7a7a72ac74d2.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jbioc.2018.258428.232
Study of the virulence and conidial germination types for some Beauveria bassiana isolates
فرزانه سادات
سیدطالبی
دانشجوی دکترا-دانشگاه ارومیه
author
سیدعلی
صفوی
دانشگاه ارومیه
author
رضا
طلایی حسنلویی
گروه گیاهپزشکی - دانشگاه تهران
author
علیرضا
بندانی
دانشگاه تهران
author
text
article
2018
per
In the present study, some isolates of Beauveria bassiana were isolated from different soil samples and their virulence was investigated against Sunn pest Eurygaster integriceps (Hem., Scutelleridae), flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella (Hym., Pyralidae), and king meal worm, Zophobas morio (Col., Tenebrionidae). Twenty three isolates were isolated using Galleria-baiting method from collected soil samples in different regions; Karaj, Urmia, Mako and Dezful and were identified. The insect hosts were infected using dipping method. The results showed that the fifth nymphal instars of Sunn pest and fourth larval instars of flour moth were susceptible to all isolates of B. bassiana while last larval instars of the beetle were resistant and no mortality was observed. The most virulent isolates were TV and TZ with approximately 90% mortality on E .kuehniella and E. integriceps. The isolates were categorized broadly into three classes: low virulent (0-33% mortality), medium virulent (34-67% mortality) and high virulent (68-100% mortality). On PDA medium, two distinct germination types of conidia were revealed including conidia with single and dual germ tubes. There were significant differences among isolates in their percentages of germination types but there was no significant correlation between virulence and conidial germination types.
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PESTS AND PLANT DISEASES
پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران
موسسه تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی
2322-2883
7
v.
1
no.
2018
65
73
https://jbiocontrol.ut.ac.ir/article_67493_f37ccbf0ff7f6319db945c016b65588f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jbioc.2018.67493
Screening of biofilm forming rhizobacteria of field crops for biological control of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum
Fatemeh
Abdoli
دانشجوی سابق بیماری شناسی گیاهی دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان
author
وحید
فلاح زاده ممقانی
هیئت علمی گروه گیاهپزشکی دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان
author
Akbar
Shirzad
هیئت علمی گروه گیاهپزشکی دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان
author
text
article
2018
per
In this research for obtaining rhizobacteria with high ability of biofilm formation and investigation of their role in biocontrol of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, first 100 samples from East and West Azarbaijan provinces were collected and 214 bacterial isolates were isolated and purified by serial dilution method. Obtained isolates were screened based on their inhibition against Pectobacterium and the ability of biofilm formation under in vitro. Out of 214 isolates, 13 isolates showed high antagonistic activity against Pectobacterium under in vitro condition and 12 isolates showed high ability of biofilm formation. In potato slices bioassay, isolates with high ability of biofilm formation such as G19-1 and G177 inhibited the establishment of pathogen and they prevent soft rotting. However, in greenhouse studies only isolate G177 controlled the disease and in addition, it increased the stem growth as well. In general, obtained results from this study showed that biofilm formation as a mechanism solely is not responsible for biocontrol of Pectobacterium and this factor is effected by different agents.
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PESTS AND PLANT DISEASES
پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران
موسسه تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی
2322-2883
7
v.
1
no.
2018
75
84
https://jbiocontrol.ut.ac.ir/article_67719_314a5160077978cf1b104fe7048b3f11.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jbioc.2018.216667.169
Effect of Geraphene oxide nanosheets on efficiency of Bacillus thuringiensis biological pesticide
Elham
Jalali
Department of chemistry,shahid bahonar university of Kerman,Kerman,Iran.
author
Shahab
Maghsoudi
Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
author
Rasoul
Marzban
Assistant professor, Biocontrol Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2018
per
Biological insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is known as the most important and most commonly biological control agents in the world. One of the most important factors that disable Bt in nature is ultraviolet radiation. Maintaining bacterial resistance against environmental conditions causes widespread increases of this bacterium as a pest control agent. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the protective effectiveness of graphene oxide (GO) on spore viability of Bt subsp. KD-2 against Ultra Violet-A (UV-A) radiation. In this regards, bioassay of nano and non-nano formulations were carried out against second-instar larvae of Ephestia kuehniella. After 120 h exposure to UV-A, spore viability of the nano-formulation and free spore formulation were 28.43± 0.36 % and 19.29 ± 0.69 %, respectively. The mortality of irradiated free spore formulations and non-nano formulation on the second-instar larvae of E.kuehniella were 22 ±3.05% and 35±2.88% on the 10th day of the experiment. Therefore, the results of this study showed that nanosheet of GO can be used as protective UV-A for Bt formulation.
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PESTS AND PLANT DISEASES
پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران
موسسه تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی
2322-2883
7
v.
1
no.
2018
85
92
https://jbiocontrol.ut.ac.ir/article_68035_0d82baadc177cea410a4c6310caea3ba.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jbioc.2018.235176.203
Antibacterial effect of some essencial oils on rice pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
Behrokh
Shabani
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran.
author
رسول
رضائی
Yasouj University
author
Habiballah
Charehgani
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran.
author
Amin
Salehi
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran.
author
text
article
2018
per
Bacterial blight disease of rice, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, is one of the most important diseases of rice worldwide. Incidence of this disease has been reported in Iran. In present study, antibacterial effects of some medicinal plants of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province on this bacterium as well as on Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 was investigated. Antimicrobial effect of essential oils of Thymus daenensis, Rosmarinus officinalis, Foeniculum vulgar, Mentha spicata, Mentha piperita and Pelargonum graveolens was determined by agar diffusion method, under laboratory condition. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimal bactericide concentration (MBC) of essential oils were also determined. The results showed that, at the concentrations of 4 and 100 mg/ml, the essential oil of T. daenensis had the highest antibacterial effect and at the concentration of 4 mg/ml, Mentha spicata had the lowest antibacterial effect. At the concentration of 1 mg/ml, essential oils of Mentha piperita, Mentha spicata and Foeniculum vulgar showed the most antibacterial activity. It was found that Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae was the most sensitive to Thymus daenensis with MIC of 0.122 mg/ml and MBC of 0.245 mg/ml, while Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 was the most sensitive to Foeniculum vulgar with MIC of 1.95 mg/ml and MBC of 3.90 mg/ml.
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PESTS AND PLANT DISEASES
پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران
موسسه تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی
2322-2883
7
v.
1
no.
2018
93
97
https://jbiocontrol.ut.ac.ir/article_68036_e32ce379145285fc064b5ffff74ae84c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jbioc.2018.251845.222
Investigation on The Ability of Thrichoderma spp. Existent in The Soil of Cucumber Greenhouses of Yazd Province to Control Fusarium Wilt Agent in Vitro Condition
SIMIN
NOSRATI
faculty number of Islamic azad university Yazd branch
author
text
article
2018
per
Simin Nosrati Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran. Assistant professor, End of Boulevard professor hesabi -Alam Square - Islamic Azad University, , Yazd ,IRAN Postcode: 8916871967 Phone: 0098-353182200 Mobile: 09133933719 *Corresponding Author: siminnosrati@yahoo.com Biocontrol of plant diseases is a significant indicator for the production of organic agricultural products. In order to find suitable native Trichoderma spp., for the purpose of biological control of Fusarium wilt of cucumber, samples were taken from the greenhouse soil of major areas of greenhouse cucumber cultivation in Yazd province. After the processes of separation and purification, and based on morphological and molecular characteristics, native Trichoderma spp. isolates were identified. Twenty Trichoderma isolates were identified which belonged to T. harzianim and T. atroviride species. The results of analysis of variance of dual-culture experiments and the test data relating to the production of volatile metabolite substances showed that native isolates inhibited the F. oxysporum mycelium growth (α=1%). The results indicated that the rapidity of growth in native isolates was notably higher than that of Fusarium wilt agent, so that after some days they covered its colonies. Besides, while having occupied the place of growth and using the needed nourishment, they grew on pathogen mycelium, and through producing volatile substances they inhibited the formation of pathogen mycelium. The results showed that T. atroviride (Ta8) isolate had the maximum growth inhibition effect.
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PESTS AND PLANT DISEASES
پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران
موسسه تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی
2322-2883
7
v.
1
no.
2018
99
102
https://jbiocontrol.ut.ac.ir/article_68531_895391312a572ffa51d77e35fcc6c780.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jbioc.2017.230548.189
Antifungal activity of ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) against some postharvest fungi
Robab
Ezazi
دانشجوی دکتری کنترل بیولوژیک بیماریهای گیاهی
author
Mahdi
Davari
عضو هیات علمی گروه گیاهپزشکی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی
author
text
article
2018
per
Propolis is a valuable bee-product collected by worker bees from plants and mixing with their enzymes, a sticky, waxy and aromatic material is produced. Various biological properties e.g. antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activity had been proven for this substance. In this study, the inhibitory activity of propolis ethanolic extract in vitro against four pathogenic fungi including Aspergillus flavus (causal agent of pistachio yellow rot), Botrytis cinerea, A. tubingensis and Cladosporium cladosporioides (causal agents of grape rot) was studied. First the ethanolic extract of propolis was provided and then was added to PDA medium in 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 µg/ml. Mycelial disks of fresh fungi cultures were incubated in the center of treated medium and the growth rate of fungi was measured and the inhibition percent was determined. Results showed that there is significantly different (P≤0.01) among fungal species, concentrations and interaction between fungal species and concentration. The sensitivity of fungal species was different in contract to specified concentration of the extract, generally the highest inhibition was observed at the highest used concentration. A. tubengensis and C. cladosporioides showed the highest growth inhibition with 80.88% and 79.11% respectively. The results of this study showed propolis possesses high antifungal potential and it can use for biological control of plants fungal diseases after further researches.
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PESTS AND PLANT DISEASES
پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران
موسسه تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی
2322-2883
7
v.
1
no.
2018
103
107
https://jbiocontrol.ut.ac.ir/article_68606_3e179f6d428e523cf05e58367e589cb8.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jbioc.2018.226807.184