Saeideh sadat Fatemi Former M.Sc. Student, Department of Plant Protection, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Iran author Mohammad Amin Samih Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Iran author text article 2017 per Ladybird, Menochilus sexmaculatus (Col .: Coccinelidae) is an important predator of pests in Iran’s gardens. Based on the expert’s comments, many studies and information resources, the factors such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, altitude and nutrition are considered as the most important criteria determining the zone which are suitable for six spot ladybird’s release. According to the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and 10.1ArcCatalog ArcMap10.1 software, the Arc GIS sub software was used for establishment of a spatial database and analysis related to the areas which are appropriate for the release of predator M. sexmaculatus. Moreover, the extensions of ET Geo Wizards, Hawth’s Analysis Tools, and Xtools2 were applied for accurate data and information entrance. The results of this study show that approximately 35 percent of Yazd province considering to the potentials of temperature, humidity, rainfall, altitude and nutrition requirements are quite suitable for the release of six spot ladybirds. A likely explanation is that these areas are situated between mountains and plains where cause to intensify pressure difference and create air stream from the mountain to the plains and vice versa. . Also, about 60 percent of the areas were completely unsuitable for release of predator. A likely reason for this might be attributed to very high temperatures and lack of adequate prey for nutrition. پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران موسسه تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی 2322-2883 6 v. 1 no. 2017 1 10 https://jbiocontrol.ut.ac.ir/article_62272_f94532c7859a0973912b2b978c7f1a54.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22059/jbioc.2017.62272 Adeleh Sobhanipour Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran author Keivan Behboudi Associate Professor, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran author Esmaeil Mahmoudi Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran and Transgenesis Center of Excellence, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan author text article 2017 per Quorum sensing is a communication system that allows bacteria to monitor their population density through the production and sensing of signal molecules. In Gram-negative bacteria, signal molecules include acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) which are synthesized by the protein synthases (LuxI). The synthesized signaling molecules are secreted out of the cell and bind with receptor proteins (LuxR) of neighboring bacterial and decrease or increase the rate of transcription in target genes. The effect of the 66 AHL-degrading rhizobacteria (quencher) on modulation of LuxI/LuxR activity and inhibition of AHL synthesis was determined using an agar diffusion double streak assay and the Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 biosensor system. The isolate Pectobacterium atrosepticum SRI1043 used as AHL-producer. To test for potential LuxI inhibition, the AHL–producer isolate was placed in close proximity to the test quencher bacteria and the AHL biosensor strain placed distantly. In order to test for LuxR inhibition, the location of the AHL–producer and biosensor strains was reversed. Both LuxI and LuxR modulation was observed in 21 isolates. These isolates were identified as genera Bacillus, Brevundimonas, Citrobacter, Bordetella, Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas, Pseudomonas and Escherichia using biochemical tests and 16s rDNA sequencing. Bioassay for interference of AHL-dependent gene regulation in P. atrosepticum performed on Skim Milk Agar medium and antagonistic bacteria cultured near the pathogen and the reduction of protease production by this pathogen was evaluated by the reduction of clear zone in the agar. Five isolates reduced the protease production significantly. پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران موسسه تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی 2322-2883 6 v. 1 no. 2017 11 21 https://jbiocontrol.ut.ac.ir/article_62730_ac55ef5a1204b34a622d7edb9b901a71.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22059/jbioc.2017.217827.172 Mohammad Beydaghi Former M.Sc. Student, Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Iran author Naser Panjehkeh Associate Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Iran author Raziyeh Rezaei Former M.Sc. Student, Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Iran author text article 2017 per In order to identify and biological control of the causal agents of leaf spot on tomato in Sistan area, sampling from different fields and greenhouses have been done during the years of 2013_2014. Isolation and identification of species was achieved by using standard methods in laboratory. Finally, 102 fungi isolates were obtained and placed in 6 species of Alternaria alternate, A. dumosa, A. tenuissima, A. mimicula, A. tomaticola and Cladosporium cladosporiodes based on morphological characteristics. All of the isolated fungi were pathogenic on tomato. In this study, C. cladosporiodes is reported as the factor of disease on tomato for first time in Iran. For the sake of biological control of pathogens, from all 220 isolate of bacteria and fungi isolated from tomato rhizospheres, 10 isolates showed high antagonistic effects against pathogenic fungi using dual- culture tests. These isolates were Trichoderma harzianum, T. virens and Bacillus subtilis. In laboratorial studies, it had been revealed that T. harzianum, T. virens, BS1 and BS2 had higher antagonistic effects. The highest inhibitory effect on A. alternata was 55.67, 52.83, 58.71 and 58.57 percent, respectively. Because of this reason, these isolates were selected for biocontrol experiments in greenhouse conditions. Based on the results of greenhouse experiments, antagonistic isolates caused a decrease in the intensity of pathogenicity and improved the performance of crop characteristics. Among the antagonistic fungi, T. harzianum, and among the bacterial isolates, BS1 had shown a better result antifungal activity. پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران موسسه تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی 2322-2883 6 v. 1 no. 2017 23 39 https://jbiocontrol.ut.ac.ir/article_62731_e006ad2cc8025f88c8b070e66b1f2d86.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22059/jbioc.2017.62731 Zabihollah Azami-Sardooei Assistant Professor, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Iran author Raziyeh Nasirpour Former M. Sc. Student, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Iran author Farnaz Fekrat Instructor, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Iran author Hamid Reza Alizadeh Assistant Professor, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Iran author text article 2017 per Root-knot nematodes are economically important plant pathogens in the world. The use of biocontrol agents usually is more stable and safe for environment.  In this study the effect of Glomus mosseae (Gm) and chopped cabbage (C) tissue as well as mixes of treatments to control of tomato root knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica were studied in greenhouse experiments. In mixed treatments, colonized tomato seedlings by Gm were transferred to the pots in which amended with chopped cabbage tissue (0.5 &1%). All treatments were inoculated by nematode after one week. The results showed, applying of Gm+ 1% C could significantly (P<0.05) enhanced plant growth indexes and reduced nematode offspring (with the logarithm 4.95). Comparison of treatments individually in control of nematode revealed, the use of 1% C was significantly better than Gm treatment. In conclusion, these results suggested that producing tomato seedling which their roots were colonized by Gm and improvement of soil with cabbage tissue might be able to substitute for reducing fertilizer and biocide inputs in sustainable ariculture. پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران موسسه تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی 2322-2883 6 v. 1 no. 2017 41 51 https://jbiocontrol.ut.ac.ir/article_62736_d5c52c5ec3b0ebf47d4b6fb162d0aa22.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22059/jbioc.2017.62736 Sonia Seifi M. Sc. Student, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Iran author Amin Sadeghi Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Iran author Hamed Ghobari Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Iran author text article 2017 per Field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) is one of the most important weeds of fields and orchards over the world. Up to now lots of studies have been performed considering its biological control that insects have the highest share. We spotted a leaf-feeder beetle of C. arvensis, named Hypocassida subferruginea (Col.; Chrysomelidae), on farms, in Kurdistan province (Sanandaj, Kamyaran and Divandareh Counties). Adults and larvae feed on the leaves. According to our observations, the body length of male and female is 4.5and 5.3 mm respectively. In addition, this species has 5 larval stages with prepupal and pupal stages. The lengths of all larval instars, prepupa and pupa were calculated as follows: 1st instar: 1.5±0.1 mm, 2nd instar: 2.3±0.2 mm, 3rd instar: 3.0±0.5 mm, 4th instar: 4.2±0.1 mm, 5th instar: 5.1±0.1 mm, prepupa: 5.2±0.1 mm and pupa: 5.4±0.2. Moreover, the insect found to overwinter as adults in the soil and emerged in late April. Therefore, they have five generations per year. The results of host preference tests revealed that H. subferruginea feeds only field bindweed as compared to the other plants such as tomatoes, potatoes, chickpea or wheat. پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران موسسه تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی 2322-2883 6 v. 1 no. 2017 53 62 https://jbiocontrol.ut.ac.ir/article_62737_3940e3c5ea8f8e8e35ae4eb14689a5f4.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22059/jbioc.2017.137564.116 Maryam Rashki Assistant Professor, Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran author Mozhdeh Esmaeilbeygi M.Sc. Staff of Laboratory, Department of Ecology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran author text article 2017 per The effect of simultaneous use of entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana and different cultivars of wheat was investigated on Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia, under laboratory conditions (25 ± 1 °C, 85 % RH and a photoperiod of 16L: 8D). Thirty experimental units of each cultivar were prepared and each replicate was consisted of one first nymphal instar. The nymphs were produced by the adults infected with LC10 of the fungus on each cultivar. The number of nymphs produced by each treated aphid was daily recorded until death. The data were prepared and analyzed according to the two-sex life table using TWOSEX-MSChart software. In the current research, the lowest value of LC10 of the DEBI008 isolate was belonging to the Arg cultivar; however, there was no significant variation among different wheat cultivars on the RWA offspring. Also, the duration of nymphal instar, with exception of the first nymphal instar, had no significant difference between the control and fungal treatments. Only the Alvand cultivar caused to prolong the adult longevity gained from fungus-infected aphids compared to the Arg and Pishtaz cultivars. The results showed that the wheat cultivars influenced direct pathogenicity of the fungus on the RWA. پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران موسسه تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی 2322-2883 6 v. 1 no. 2017 63 72 https://jbiocontrol.ut.ac.ir/article_62738_e1721be2bbf4ca74e5f230bd2e134a4e.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22059/jbioc.2017.62738 Mahsa Shams Former M. Sc. Student, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran author Bahar Shahnavaz Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran author text article 2017 per In recent years, application of secondary metabolites such as antibiotics has been considered as a biological control method for plant pathogens. This study aimed to isolate, identify and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Streptomyces species in Oman Sea against three plant pathogens including Fusarium oxysporum, Xanthomonas campestris and Erwinia amylovora. The Streptomyces strains were isolated on different media including starch casein agar, glycerol glycine agar and starch nitrate agar with different NaCl concentration. Preliminary antimicrobial activity was investigated using cross streak method and evaluated by measuring the zone of growth inhibition against plant pathogens. Ninety percent of the strains were able to inhibit the growth of X. campestris strain and the highest inhibition zone was 15±1 mm. Two strains, AC275 and AC130 were selected to extract the antimicrobial compound. The isolates were cultured in different seed cultures and fermentation media. The application of different fermentation media shows that glycerol and soybeans cultures increase inhibition zone. Based on 16S rRNA gene analysis, two strains were belonged to Streptomyces sp. The organic solvents including dichloromethane, chloroform and ethyl acetate were used in order to extract the antimicrobial compound. Dichloromethane in AC130 and chloroform in AC275 were more effective than other solvents by creating an inhibition zone of 21 and 25 mm respectively. This study shows that the Streptomyces species in less explored marine environment have the ability to control plant pathogenic bacteria. پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران موسسه تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی 2322-2883 6 v. 1 no. 2017 73 82 https://jbiocontrol.ut.ac.ir/article_62758_104f3dbbf40ff530d4fb6f134929dd0a.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22059/jbioc.2017.206254.153 Farkhondeh Amini M.Sc. Student, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran author Esmat Mahdikhani-Moghaddam Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran author Sareh Baghaee-Ravari Associate Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran author text article 2017 per Root-Knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica is currently proposed as an important problem in the cucumber greenhouses of the country. In the present study, endophytic bacteria were evaluated to control the root-knot nematode.Seventy strains were isolated from cucumber roots, gathered from fields and greenhouses in Razavi Khorasan province.Based on the results of biological assays, seven representative strains showing the highest values of second instar larvae mortality and inhibition of egg hatching, were selected for greenhouse experiments. These bacterial strains were examined in terms of reduction of pathogenicity indexes and disease severity. Strains Fm1, Em1 and Y15 were evaluated significantly positive in reduction of egg, gall and second instar larvae number on infected cucumber roots. Moreover, the lowest level of gall index was obtained following the application of these strains compared to the control (only nematode). According to 16S rDNA gene sequencing, three selected strains associated to greenhouse trials belonged to Pseudomonas rhodesiae (Fm1 and Em1) and Acinetobacter sp. (Y15). Consequently, strains Fm1, Em1, and Y15 can be suggested as sufficient candidates in order to perform more studies on the root knot nematode repression in natural conditions. پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران موسسه تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی 2322-2883 6 v. 1 no. 2017 83 92 https://jbiocontrol.ut.ac.ir/article_62759_7d3cda4aec1ae9f092ac407a6da76b03.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22059/jbioc.2017.200920.133 Maryam Khezri Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran author text article 2017 per A total of 11 probiotic strains of Bacillus subtilis were used to evaluate the potential of biofilm formation and wheat root colonization. Experiments carried out in a completely randomized design with four replications. According to results of this study, biofilm formation and biosurfactants production showed a high diversity in studied rhizobacteria, B3, B1 and B4 strains produced the maximum amount of mentioned metabolites. Evaluation of root colonization was performed using rifampicin and nalidixic acid resistant mutants. B4 and B3 with 4.41×107 cfu/gand 4.35×107 cfu/g had the highest root colonization compared to other strains. Correlation of 0.74 and 0.80 was obtained between biofilm formation and biosurfactants production with wheat root colonization, respectively. In another part of this study, the effects of studied strains were evaluated on wheat plant growth factors. All probiotic rhizobacteria strains increased the length of roots and aerial part of wheat and most of them increased dry weight of roots and aerial part. Based on the findings of this research, strains with high potential in biofilm formation and biosurfactants production were colonized wheat root very well and most of studied strains showed the effect of increasing on wheat growth factors. پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران موسسه تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی 2322-2883 6 v. 1 no. 2017 93 102 https://jbiocontrol.ut.ac.ir/article_62947_bf3f85e84e2e33b44b6893c457780c96.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22059/jbioc.2017.220985.178 Zargham Bigham Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Plant Protection, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran author Reza Talaei-Hassanloui Professor, Department of Plant Protection, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran author text article 2017 per Entomopathogenic fungi have an important position among all the biocontrol agents because of their route of pathogenicity and broad host rang. Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae are entomopathogenic fungi which are used against a number of insect pests. Large-scale availability of the pathogens is a primary requirement in the biocontrol programs. In this study, various agricultural and industrial by-products such as wheat bran, spaghetti wastes, straw and potato skin with three complementary additives; urea, sucrose  and permeate were evaluated for conidial production of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae using diphasic liquid-solid culture technique. The maximum conidial production of B. bassiana was observed on wheat bran plus 8% permeate (3.2×1010 conidia/g medium) and for M. anisopliae, it was observed on spaghetti wastes plus 8% permeate (2.11×1010 conidia/g medium) after 14 days incubation. Our data from this experiment could be applied for the mass production of these two entomopathogenic fungi for biological control purposes. پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران موسسه تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی 2322-2883 6 v. 1 no. 2017 103 109 https://jbiocontrol.ut.ac.ir/article_63275_9f1f7466f7efc7750432de3220bb7a0b.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22059/jbioc.2017.202734.137 Mahdi Behnamian Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran author Zivar Najafi Former M.Sc. Student, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran author Mahdi Davari Associate Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran author Sara Dezhsetan Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran author text article 2017 per One of the most common pathogenic diseases of the button mushroom in Iran is wet bubble (Mycogone perniciosa). In this study, in order to develop a biological control system and production of healthy crop, the antifungal effect of aromatic medicinal plants were assayed as a safe replacement for chemical fungicides. M. perniciosa was isolated from infected A. bisporus cv. Sylvan 737. In order to evaluate the biocontrol possibility, the effect of six medicinal plant essential oils including garlic, horsemint, oregano, lavender, kotschyam thyme and eucalyptus were tested against M. perniciosa and evaluated their effects on button mushroom mycelium at 100, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 µl l-1 in vitro. Based on the results, kotschyam thyme and oregano were more toxic and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) for M. perniciosa were 300 and 500 µl l-1, respectively. Interestingly, among the investigated essential oils, garlic oil showed a fungicidal effect on M. perniciosa at a lower concentration (MFC=1000 µl l-1) than button mushroom (MFC=1400 µl l-1). In general, garlic and lavender essential oils were found as the most effective and weakest oils against M. perniciosa, respectively. GC-MS analysis demonstrated that Trisulfide, di-2-propenyl, Piperitenone oxide,Thymol,1,8-Cineole, Thymol and Spathulenol were the main components of the above essential oils, respectively. It seems that garlic oil can be considered as a good alternative in biological control of wet bubble diseaseaccording to this research and considering consumerist tastes after additional researches. پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران موسسه تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی 2322-2883 6 v. 1 no. 2017 111 119 https://jbiocontrol.ut.ac.ir/article_63359_1d168b25ff7de243e4af3551f167b0fc.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22059/jbioc.2017.63359 Zeinab Kermajany M.Sc. Student in Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran author Abdulhussain Jamali Zavareh Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran author Aliakbar Fadaei Tehrani Associate Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran author text article 2017 per Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is one of the four major exporting cut flowers from Iran. Carnation wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi is considered the most destructive diseases of plant in most carnation growing regions of the world . To investigate the possibility of using biological control, the growth inhibitory effects of five isolates of Trichoderma, including three isolates of Trichoderma harzianum obtained from Karaj (Th1), Shahrekord (Th2) and Hamedan (Th3), and two isolates T. virens (Tv) and T. atroviride (Ta) from Hamedan, studied in vitro on the F. oxysporum f.sp. dianthi isolated from Mahalat Carnation. The greatest growth inhibition in dual culture test was occurred with the Th3 isolate and the lowest inhibition observed by Ta. Culture extracts of Th1 isolate caused maximum inhibition of pathogen growth, while that of Th3 isolate showed minimal impact on its growth. Bioassay for production of antagonist volatile metabolites showed that the most growth inhibition was observed with the Ta isolate the least effective was recorded with Th3 isolate. پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران موسسه تحقیقات کنترل بیولوژیک آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی 2322-2883 6 v. 1 no. 2017 121 125 https://jbiocontrol.ut.ac.ir/article_63360_0cb2e5ae23502eb6746c3864ca4a3ec6.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22059/jbioc.2017.63360